Add zstd compression support for USD files

Add file-level zstd compression/decompression for USD files (USDA, USDC, USDZ).
This allows transparent loading of zstd-compressed USD files and optional
compression when writing.

Features:
- Automatic detection by zstd magic number (0x28 0xB5 0x2F 0xFD)
- Transparent decompression in LoadUSDFromMemory()
- Optional compression in SaveAsUSDA() and SaveAsUSDCToFile()
- Auto-detection of .zst file extension for compression
- Configurable compression level (1-22, default 5)
- Memory budget enforcement during decompression
- Uses amalgamated single-file zstd library (v1.5.6)

Build options:
- TINYUSDZ_WITH_ZSTD_COMPRESSION=ON (default)
- TINYUSDZ_USE_SYSTEM_ZSTD=ON (use system library)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -186,6 +186,11 @@ endif ()
 option(TINYUSDZ_USE_SYSTEM_ZLIB
        "Use system's zlib instead of miniz for TinyEXR/TIFF" OFF)
 
+# -- Zstd compression --
+option(TINYUSDZ_WITH_ZSTD_COMPRESSION
+       "Enable zstd compression for USD files" ON)
+option(TINYUSDZ_USE_SYSTEM_ZSTD
+       "Use system's zstd instead of bundled version" OFF)
 
 option(
   TINYUSDZ_PRODUCTION_BUILD
@@ -667,6 +672,21 @@ if(TINYUSDZ_WITH_TIFF OR TINYUSDZ_WITH_EXR)
 
 endif()
 
+# -- Zstd compression --
+if(TINYUSDZ_WITH_ZSTD_COMPRESSION)
+  if(NOT TINYUSDZ_USE_SYSTEM_ZSTD)
+    list(APPEND TINYUSDZ_DEP_SOURCES ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/external/zstd.c)
+    # Disable ASM to avoid linker issues, suppress warnings for third-party code
+    set_source_files_properties(
+      ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/external/zstd.c
+      PROPERTIES COMPILE_DEFINITIONS "ZSTD_DISABLE_ASM=1"
+                 COMPILE_FLAGS "-w")
+  else()
+    find_package(zstd REQUIRED)
+  endif()
+  list(APPEND TINYUSDZ_DEP_SOURCES ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/zstd-compression.cc)
+endif()
+
 if(TINYUSDZ_WITH_ALAC_AUDIO)
   list(APPEND TINYUSDZ_DEP_SOURCES
        ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/external/alac/codec/EndianPortable.c
@@ -1341,6 +1361,13 @@ foreach(TINYUSDZ_LIB_TARGET ${TINYUSDZ_LIBS})
     target_compile_definitions(${TINYUSDZ_LIB_TARGET} PRIVATE "TINYUSDZ_NO_STB_IMAGE_WRITE_IMPLEMENTATION")
   endif()
 
+  if(TINYUSDZ_WITH_ZSTD_COMPRESSION)
+    target_compile_definitions(${TINYUSDZ_LIB_TARGET} PRIVATE "TINYUSDZ_WITH_ZSTD_COMPRESSION")
+    if(TINYUSDZ_USE_SYSTEM_ZSTD)
+      target_link_libraries(${TINYUSDZ_LIB_TARGET} PUBLIC zstd::zstd)
+    endif()
+  endif()
+
   target_include_directories(${TINYUSDZ_LIB_TARGET}
                              PRIVATE ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src)
 

src/tinyusdz.cc

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "integerCoding.h"
 #include "io-util.hh"
 #include "lz4-compression.hh"
+#include "zstd-compression.hh"
 #include "pprinter.hh"
 #include "str-util.hh"
 #include "stream-reader.hh"
@@ -920,6 +921,51 @@ bool LoadUSDFromMemory(const uint8_t *addr, const size_t length,
                        const std::string &base_dir, Stage *stage,
                        std::string *warn, std::string *err,
                        const USDLoadOptions &options) {
+  // Check for zstd-compressed data first (file-level compression)
+  if (IsZstdCompressed(addr, length)) {
+    DCOUT("Detected as zstd-compressed USD.");
+#ifdef TINYUSDZ_WITH_ZSTD_COMPRESSION
+    // Get decompressed size for memory budget check
+    std::string zstd_err;
+    size_t decompressed_size = ZstdCompression::GetDecompressedSize(addr, length, &zstd_err);
+    if (decompressed_size == 0) {
+      if (err) {
+        (*err) += "Failed to get zstd decompressed size: " + zstd_err + "\n";
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Check against memory budget
+    size_t max_length = size_t(1024) * size_t(1024) * size_t(options.max_memory_limit_in_mb);
+    if (decompressed_size > max_length) {
+      if (err) {
+        (*err) += "Decompressed USD size (" + std::to_string(decompressed_size) +
+                  " bytes) exceeds memory limit (" + std::to_string(max_length) + " bytes)\n";
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Decompress
+    std::vector<uint8_t> decompressed_data;
+    if (!ZstdCompression::Decompress(addr, length, &decompressed_data, &zstd_err)) {
+      if (err) {
+        (*err) += "Failed to decompress zstd data: " + zstd_err + "\n";
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Recursively call LoadUSDFromMemory with decompressed data
+    return LoadUSDFromMemory(decompressed_data.data(), decompressed_data.size(),
+                            base_dir, stage, warn, err, options);
+#else
+    if (err) {
+      (*err) += "zstd-compressed USD file detected, but zstd compression support is not enabled. "
+                "Rebuild with TINYUSDZ_WITH_ZSTD_COMPRESSION=ON.\n";
+    }
+    return false;
+#endif
+  }
+
   if (IsUSDC(addr, length)) {
     DCOUT("Detected as USDC.");
     return LoadUSDCFromMemory(addr, length, base_dir, stage, warn, err,
@@ -1086,6 +1132,10 @@ bool IsUSDZ(const uint8_t *addr, const size_t length) {
   return ParseUSDZHeader(addr, length, /* [out] assets */ nullptr, &warn, &err);
 }
 
+bool IsZstdCompressed(const uint8_t *addr, const size_t length) {
+  return ZstdCompression::IsZstdCompressed(addr, length);
+}
+
 bool IsUSD(const std::string &filename, std::string *detected_format) {
   if (IsUSDA(filename)) {
     if (detected_format) {

src/tinyusdz.hh

@@ -138,13 +138,24 @@ struct USDLoadOptions {
 // - Realtime(moderate resource size limit)
 // - DCC(for data conversion. Unlimited resource size)
 
-#if 0  // TODO
+///
-//struct USDWriteOptions
+/// Options for writing USD files.
-//{
+///
-//
+struct USDWriteOptions {
-//
+  ///
-//};
+  /// Enable zstd compression for output file.
-#endif
+  /// When enabled, the entire USD file is wrapped with zstd compression.
+  /// Also auto-detected when filename ends with ".zst" extension.
+  ///
+  bool use_zstd_compression{false};
+
+  ///
+  /// Zstd compression level (1-22).
+  /// Higher values give better compression but slower speed.
+  /// Default is 5 (good balance of speed and ratio).
+  ///
+  int zstd_compression_level{5};
+};
 
 //
 
@@ -469,6 +480,10 @@ bool IsUSDC(const uint8_t *addr, const size_t length);
 bool IsUSDZ(const std::string &filename);
 bool IsUSDZ(const uint8_t *addr, const size_t length);
 
+// Test if input is zstd-compressed data (by magic number).
+// This is for file-level compression, not internal USDC LZ4 compression.
+bool IsZstdCompressed(const uint8_t *addr, const size_t length);
+
 }  // namespace tinyusdz
 
 #endif  // TINYUSDZ_HH_

src/usda-writer.cc

@@ -17,46 +17,131 @@
 #include "value-pprint.hh"
 #include "tinyusdz.hh"
 #include "io-util.hh"
+#include "str-util.hh"
+#include "zstd-compression.hh"
 
 namespace tinyusdz {
 namespace usda {
 
 namespace {
 
+// Check if filename ends with ".zst" extension (case-insensitive)
+bool HasZstdExtension(const std::string &filename) {
+  if (filename.size() < 4) return false;
+  std::string ext = filename.substr(filename.size() - 4);
+  return (ext == ".zst" || ext == ".ZST");
+}
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+bool HasZstdExtension(const std::wstring &filename) {
+  if (filename.size() < 4) return false;
+  std::wstring ext = filename.substr(filename.size() - 4);
+  return (ext == L".zst" || ext == L".ZST");
+}
+#endif
 
 }  // namespace
 
-bool SaveAsUSDA(const std::string &filename, const Stage &stage,
+bool ExportToUSDAString(const Stage &stage, std::string *output, std::string *warn, std::string *err) {
-                std::string *warn, std::string *err) {
-
   (void)warn;
+  (void)err;
 
-  // TODO: Handle warn and err on export.
+  if (!output) {
-  std::string s = stage.ExportToString();
+    if (err) {
-
+      (*err) = "output parameter is null.\n";
-  if (!io::WriteWholeFile(filename, reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(s.data()), s.size(), err)) {
+    }
     return false;
   }
 
-  std::cout << "Wrote to [" << filename << "]\n";
+  *output = stage.ExportToString();
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool SaveAsUSDA(const std::string &filename, const Stage &stage,
+                std::string *warn, std::string *err,
+                const USDWriteOptions &options) {
+
+  (void)warn;
+
+  // Export stage to string
+  std::string s = stage.ExportToString();
+
+  // Check if we should use zstd compression
+  bool use_compression = options.use_zstd_compression || HasZstdExtension(filename);
+
+  if (use_compression) {
+#ifdef TINYUSDZ_WITH_ZSTD_COMPRESSION
+    // Compress the data
+    std::vector<uint8_t> compressed;
+    if (!ZstdCompression::Compress(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(s.data()), s.size(),
+                                   &compressed, options.zstd_compression_level, err)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!io::WriteWholeFile(filename, compressed.data(), compressed.size(), err)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    std::cout << "Wrote zstd-compressed USDA to [" << filename << "] ("
+              << s.size() << " -> " << compressed.size() << " bytes)\n";
+#else
+    if (err) {
+      (*err) = "zstd compression requested but TINYUSDZ_WITH_ZSTD_COMPRESSION is not enabled.\n";
+    }
+    return false;
+#endif
+  } else {
+    if (!io::WriteWholeFile(filename, reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(s.data()), s.size(), err)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    std::cout << "Wrote USDA to [" << filename << "]\n";
+  }
 
   return true;
 }
 
 #if defined(_WIN32)
 bool SaveAsUSDA(const std::wstring &filename, const Stage &stage,
-                std::string *warn, std::string *err) {
+                std::string *warn, std::string *err,
+                const USDWriteOptions &options) {
 
   (void)warn;
 
-  // TODO: Handle warn and err on export.
+  // Export stage to string
   std::string s = stage.ExportToString();
 
-  if (!io::WriteWholeFile(filename, reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(s.data()), s.size(), err)) {
+  // Check if we should use zstd compression
-    return false;
+  bool use_compression = options.use_zstd_compression || HasZstdExtension(filename);
-  }
 
-  std::wcout << "Wrote to [" << filename << "]\n";
+  if (use_compression) {
+#ifdef TINYUSDZ_WITH_ZSTD_COMPRESSION
+    // Compress the data
+    std::vector<uint8_t> compressed;
+    if (!ZstdCompression::Compress(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(s.data()), s.size(),
+                                   &compressed, options.zstd_compression_level, err)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!io::WriteWholeFile(filename, compressed.data(), compressed.size(), err)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    std::wcout << L"Wrote zstd-compressed USDA to [" << filename << L"] ("
+               << s.size() << L" -> " << compressed.size() << L" bytes)\n";
+#else
+    if (err) {
+      (*err) = "zstd compression requested but TINYUSDZ_WITH_ZSTD_COMPRESSION is not enabled.\n";
+    }
+    return false;
+#endif
+  } else {
+    if (!io::WriteWholeFile(filename, reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(s.data()), s.size(), err)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    std::wcout << L"Wrote USDA to [" << filename << L"]\n";
+  }
 
   return true;
 }
@@ -71,9 +156,9 @@ bool SaveAsUSDA(const std::wstring &filename, const Stage &stage,
 namespace tinyusdz {
 namespace usda {
 
-bool SaveAsUSDA(const std::string &filename, const Stage &stage, std::string *warn, std::string *err) {
+bool ExportToUSDAString(const Stage &stage, std::string *output, std::string *warn, std::string *err) {
-  (void)filename;
   (void)stage;
+  (void)output;
   (void)warn;
 
   if (err) {
@@ -82,7 +167,33 @@ bool SaveAsUSDA(const std::string &filename, const Stage &stage, std::string *wa
   return false;
 }
 
+bool SaveAsUSDA(const std::string &filename, const Stage &stage, std::string *warn, std::string *err,
+                const USDWriteOptions &options) {
+  (void)filename;
+  (void)stage;
+  (void)warn;
+  (void)options;
 
+  if (err) {
+    (*err) = "USDA Writer feature is disabled in this build.\n";
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+bool SaveAsUSDA(const std::wstring &filename, const Stage &stage, std::string *warn, std::string *err,
+                const USDWriteOptions &options) {
+  (void)filename;
+  (void)stage;
+  (void)warn;
+  (void)options;
+
+  if (err) {
+    (*err) = "USDA Writer feature is disabled in this build.\n";
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+#endif
 
 } // namespace usda
 }  // namespace tinyusdz

src/usda-writer.hh

@@ -16,18 +16,34 @@ namespace usda {
 /// Save scene as USDA(ASCII)
 ///
 /// @param[in] filename USDA filename(UTF-8). WideChar(Unicode) represented as std::string is supported on Windows.
+///                     If filename ends with ".zst", zstd compression is automatically enabled.
 /// @param[in] stage Stage(scene graph).
 /// @param[out] warn Warning message
 /// @param[out] err Error message
+/// @param[in] options Write options (optional). Includes zstd compression settings.
+///
+/// @return true upon success.
+///
+bool SaveAsUSDA(const std::string &filename, const Stage &stage, std::string *warn, std::string *err,
+                const USDWriteOptions &options = USDWriteOptions());
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+// WideChar(UNICODE) filename version.
+bool SaveAsUSDA(const std::wstring &filename, const Stage &stage, std::string *warn, std::string *err,
+                const USDWriteOptions &options = USDWriteOptions());
+#endif
+
+///
+/// Export stage as USDA string.
+///
+/// @param[in] stage Stage(scene graph).
+/// @param[out] output USDA string output
+/// @param[out] warn Warning message
+/// @param[out] err Error message
 ///
 /// @return true upon success.
 ///
-bool SaveAsUSDA(const std::string &filename, const Stage &stage, std::string *warn, std::string *err);
+bool ExportToUSDAString(const Stage &stage, std::string *output, std::string *warn, std::string *err);
-
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-// WideChar(UNICODE) filename version.
-bool SaveAsUSDA(const std::wstring &filename, const Stage &stage, std::string *warn, std::string *err);
-#endif
 
 } // namespace usda
 } // namespace tinyusdz

src/usdc-writer.cc

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 #include "crate-format.hh"
 #include "io-util.hh"
 #include "lz4-compression.hh"
+#include "zstd-compression.hh"
 #include "token-type.hh"
 
 #include "common-macros.inc"
@@ -50,6 +51,13 @@ namespace usdc {
 
 namespace {
 
+// Check if filename ends with ".zst" extension (case-insensitive)
+bool HasZstdExtension(const std::string &filename) {
+  if (filename.size() < 4) return false;
+  std::string ext = filename.substr(filename.size() - 4);
+  return (ext == ".zst" || ext == ".ZST");
+}
+
 constexpr size_t kSectionNameMaxLength = 15;
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
@@ -480,11 +488,13 @@ class Writer {
 }  // namespace
 
 bool SaveAsUSDCToFile(const std::string &filename, const Stage &stage,
-                      std::string *warn, std::string *err) {
+                      std::string *warn, std::string *err,
+                      const USDWriteOptions &options) {
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
   (void)filename;
   (void)stage;
   (void)warn;
+  (void)options;
 
   if (err) {
     (*err) += "Saving USDC to a file is not supported for Android platform(at the moment).\n";
@@ -498,6 +508,30 @@ bool SaveAsUSDCToFile(const std::string &filename, const Stage &stage,
     return false;
   }
 
+  // Check if we should use zstd compression
+  bool use_compression = options.use_zstd_compression || HasZstdExtension(filename);
+
+  const uint8_t *write_data = output.data();
+  size_t write_size = output.size();
+  std::vector<uint8_t> compressed;
+
+  if (use_compression) {
+#ifdef TINYUSDZ_WITH_ZSTD_COMPRESSION
+    if (!ZstdCompression::Compress(output.data(), output.size(),
+                                   &compressed, options.zstd_compression_level, err)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    write_data = compressed.data();
+    write_size = compressed.size();
+    std::cout << "Compressing USDC with zstd (" << output.size() << " -> " << compressed.size() << " bytes)\n";
+#else
+    if (err) {
+      (*err) = "zstd compression requested but TINYUSDZ_WITH_ZSTD_COMPRESSION is not enabled.\n";
+    }
+    return false;
+#endif
+  }
+
 #ifdef _WIN32
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__GLIBCXX__) || defined(__clang__)
   FILE *fp = nullptr;
@@ -530,9 +564,11 @@ bool SaveAsUSDCToFile(const std::string &filename, const Stage &stage,
   }
 #endif
 
-  size_t n = fwrite(output.data(), /* size */ 1, /* count */ output.size(), fp);
+  size_t n = fwrite(write_data, /* size */ 1, /* count */ write_size, fp);
-  if (n < output.size()) {
+  fclose(fp);
-    // TODO: Retry writing data when n < output.size()
+
+  if (n < write_size) {
+    // TODO: Retry writing data when n < write_size
 
     if (err) {
       (*err) += "Failed to write data to a file.\n";
@@ -568,10 +604,12 @@ namespace tinyusdz {
 namespace usdc {
 
 bool SaveAsUSDCToFile(const std::string &filename, const Stage &stage,
-                      std::string *warn, std::string *err) {
+                      std::string *warn, std::string *err,
+                      const USDWriteOptions &options) {
   (void)filename;
   (void)stage;
   (void)warn;
+  (void)options;
 
   if (err) {
     (*err) = "USDC writer feature is disabled in this build.\n";

src/usdc-writer.hh

@@ -19,15 +19,17 @@ namespace usdc {
 ///
 /// Save scene as USDC(binary) to a file
 ///
-/// @param[in] filename USDC filename
+/// @param[in] filename USDC filename. If filename ends with ".zst", zstd compression is auto-enabled.
 /// @param[in] stage Stage
 /// @param[out] warn Warning message
 /// @param[out] err Error message
+/// @param[in] options Write options (optional). Includes zstd compression settings.
 ///
 /// @return true upon success.
 ///
 bool SaveAsUSDCToFile(const std::string &filename, const Stage &stage,
-                      std::string *warn, std::string *err);
+                      std::string *warn, std::string *err,
+                      const USDWriteOptions &options = USDWriteOptions());
 
 ///
 /// Save scene as USDC(binary) to a memory

src/zstd-compression.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache 2.0
+// Copyright 2024-Present Light Transport Entertainment Inc.
+//
+// Zstd compression wrapper implementation for TinyUSDZ
+
+#include "zstd-compression.hh"
+
+#ifdef TINYUSDZ_WITH_ZSTD_COMPRESSION
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <limits>
+
+// Use amalgamated single-file zstd
+#include "external/zstd.h"
+
+namespace tinyusdz {
+
+bool ZstdCompression::IsZstdCompressed(const uint8_t *data, size_t length) {
+  if (!data || length < 4) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return (data[0] == kZstdMagic[0] && data[1] == kZstdMagic[1] &&
+          data[2] == kZstdMagic[2] && data[3] == kZstdMagic[3]);
+}
+
+size_t ZstdCompression::GetDecompressedSize(const uint8_t *compressed,
+                                             size_t compressedSize,
+                                             std::string *err) {
+  if (!compressed || compressedSize == 0) {
+    if (err) *err = "Invalid compressed data";
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  unsigned long long frameContentSize =
+      ZSTD_getFrameContentSize(compressed, compressedSize);
+
+  if (frameContentSize == ZSTD_CONTENTSIZE_ERROR) {
+    if (err) *err = "Not a valid zstd compressed frame";
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if (frameContentSize == ZSTD_CONTENTSIZE_UNKNOWN) {
+    if (err) *err = "Zstd frame does not contain content size";
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // Check for size overflow
+  if (frameContentSize > std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max()) {
+    if (err) *err = "Decompressed size exceeds size_t range";
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return static_cast<size_t>(frameContentSize);
+}
+
+bool ZstdCompression::Decompress(const uint8_t *compressed,
+                                  size_t compressedSize,
+                                  std::vector<uint8_t> *output,
+                                  std::string *err) {
+  if (!compressed || compressedSize == 0) {
+    if (err) *err = "Invalid compressed data";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!output) {
+    if (err) *err = "Output buffer is null";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Get decompressed size first
+  size_t decompressedSize = GetDecompressedSize(compressed, compressedSize, err);
+  if (decompressedSize == 0) {
+    // err already set by GetDecompressedSize
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Allocate output buffer
+  // Note: TinyUSDZ has exceptions disabled, so we check capacity instead
+  output->clear();
+  if (decompressedSize > output->max_size()) {
+    if (err) *err = "Decompressed size exceeds maximum allocatable size";
+    return false;
+  }
+  output->resize(decompressedSize);
+  if (output->size() != decompressedSize) {
+    if (err) *err = "Failed to allocate memory for decompression";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Decompress
+  size_t result =
+      ZSTD_decompress(output->data(), decompressedSize, compressed, compressedSize);
+
+  if (ZSTD_isError(result)) {
+    if (err) {
+      *err = "Zstd decompression failed: ";
+      *err += ZSTD_getErrorName(result);
+    }
+    output->clear();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Verify decompressed size matches expected
+  if (result != decompressedSize) {
+    if (err) {
+      *err = "Decompressed size mismatch: expected " +
+             std::to_string(decompressedSize) + ", got " + std::to_string(result);
+    }
+    output->clear();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool ZstdCompression::Compress(const uint8_t *input, size_t inputSize,
+                                std::vector<uint8_t> *output,
+                                int compressionLevel, std::string *err) {
+  if (!input || inputSize == 0) {
+    if (err) *err = "Invalid input data";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!output) {
+    if (err) *err = "Output buffer is null";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Clamp compression level to valid range
+  if (compressionLevel < 1) compressionLevel = 1;
+  if (compressionLevel > ZSTD_maxCLevel()) compressionLevel = ZSTD_maxCLevel();
+
+  // Get maximum compressed size
+  size_t maxCompressedSize = ZSTD_compressBound(inputSize);
+
+  // Allocate output buffer
+  // Note: TinyUSDZ has exceptions disabled, so we check capacity instead
+  output->clear();
+  if (maxCompressedSize > output->max_size()) {
+    if (err) *err = "Compressed buffer size exceeds maximum allocatable size";
+    return false;
+  }
+  output->resize(maxCompressedSize);
+  if (output->size() != maxCompressedSize) {
+    if (err) *err = "Failed to allocate memory for compression";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Compress
+  size_t result =
+      ZSTD_compress(output->data(), maxCompressedSize, input, inputSize,
+                    compressionLevel);
+
+  if (ZSTD_isError(result)) {
+    if (err) {
+      *err = "Zstd compression failed: ";
+      *err += ZSTD_getErrorName(result);
+    }
+    output->clear();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Shrink to actual compressed size
+  output->resize(result);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+size_t ZstdCompression::GetCompressBound(size_t inputSize) {
+  return ZSTD_compressBound(inputSize);
+}
+
+}  // namespace tinyusdz
+
+#endif  // TINYUSDZ_WITH_ZSTD_COMPRESSION

src/zstd-compression.hh

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache 2.0
+// Copyright 2024-Present Light Transport Entertainment Inc.
+//
+// Zstd compression wrapper for TinyUSDZ
+// Provides file-level zstd compression/decompression for USD files
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef ZSTD_COMPRESSION_HH_
+#define ZSTD_COMPRESSION_HH_
+
+#ifdef TINYUSDZ_WITH_ZSTD_COMPRESSION
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace tinyusdz {
+
+///
+/// Zstd compression utility class.
+/// Provides static methods for compressing and decompressing data using zstd.
+///
+class ZstdCompression {
+ public:
+  ///
+  /// Check if data starts with zstd magic number (0x28 0xB5 0x2F 0xFD)
+  /// @param[in] data Pointer to the data to check
+  /// @param[in] length Length of the data in bytes
+  /// @return true if data starts with zstd magic number
+  ///
+  static bool IsZstdCompressed(const uint8_t *data, size_t length);
+
+  ///
+  /// Get the decompressed size of zstd-compressed data.
+  /// This can be used to check memory budget before decompression.
+  /// @param[in] compressed Pointer to compressed data
+  /// @param[in] compressedSize Size of compressed data in bytes
+  /// @param[out] err Error message if size cannot be determined
+  /// @return Decompressed size in bytes, or 0 on error
+  ///
+  static size_t GetDecompressedSize(const uint8_t *compressed,
+                                     size_t compressedSize, std::string *err);
+
+  ///
+  /// Decompress zstd-compressed data.
+  /// @param[in] compressed Pointer to compressed data
+  /// @param[in] compressedSize Size of compressed data in bytes
+  /// @param[out] output Vector to store decompressed data
+  /// @param[out] err Error message on failure
+  /// @return true on success, false on failure
+  ///
+  static bool Decompress(const uint8_t *compressed, size_t compressedSize,
+                         std::vector<uint8_t> *output, std::string *err);
+
+  ///
+  /// Compress data using zstd.
+  /// @param[in] input Pointer to input data
+  /// @param[in] inputSize Size of input data in bytes
+  /// @param[out] output Vector to store compressed data
+  /// @param[in] compressionLevel Compression level (1-22, default 5)
+  /// @param[out] err Error message on failure
+  /// @return true on success, false on failure
+  ///
+  static bool Compress(const uint8_t *input, size_t inputSize,
+                       std::vector<uint8_t> *output, int compressionLevel,
+                       std::string *err);
+
+  ///
+  /// Get the maximum compressed size for a given input size.
+  /// @param[in] inputSize Size of input data in bytes
+  /// @return Maximum possible compressed size
+  ///
+  static size_t GetCompressBound(size_t inputSize);
+
+  /// Default compression level (5 is a good balance of speed and ratio)
+  static constexpr int kDefaultCompressionLevel = 5;
+
+  /// Zstd magic number bytes
+  static constexpr uint8_t kZstdMagic[4] = {0x28, 0xB5, 0x2F, 0xFD};
+};
+
+}  // namespace tinyusdz
+
+#else  // !TINYUSDZ_WITH_ZSTD_COMPRESSION
+
+// Stub implementation when zstd compression is disabled
+namespace tinyusdz {
+
+class ZstdCompression {
+ public:
+  static bool IsZstdCompressed(const uint8_t *, size_t) { return false; }
+  static size_t GetDecompressedSize(const uint8_t *, size_t, std::string *err) {
+    if (err) *err = "Zstd compression support not enabled";
+    return 0;
+  }
+  static bool Decompress(const uint8_t *, size_t, std::vector<uint8_t> *,
+                         std::string *err) {
+    if (err) *err = "Zstd compression support not enabled";
+    return false;
+  }
+  static bool Compress(const uint8_t *, size_t, std::vector<uint8_t> *, int,
+                       std::string *err) {
+    if (err) *err = "Zstd compression support not enabled";
+    return false;
+  }
+  static size_t GetCompressBound(size_t) { return 0; }
+  static constexpr int kDefaultCompressionLevel = 5;
+};
+
+}  // namespace tinyusdz
+
+#endif  // TINYUSDZ_WITH_ZSTD_COMPRESSION
+
+#endif  // ZSTD_COMPRESSION_HH_

tests/feat/zstdusd/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Makefile for zstd USD compression feature tests
+# This is a standalone Makefile that builds and runs the zstd compression tests
+
+CXX = g++
+CXXFLAGS = -std=c++14 -O2 -g -Wall -Wextra
+
+# TinyUSDZ source directory
+TINYUSDZ_DIR = ../../..
+SRC_DIR = $(TINYUSDZ_DIR)/src
+EXT_DIR = $(SRC_DIR)/external
+
+# Include paths
+INCLUDES = -I$(SRC_DIR) -I$(EXT_DIR)
+
+# Define to enable zstd compression
+DEFINES = -DTINYUSDZ_WITH_ZSTD_COMPRESSION -DZSTD_DISABLE_ASM=1
+
+# Zstd source (amalgamated single file)
+ZSTD_SRC = $(EXT_DIR)/zstd.c
+
+# TinyUSDZ sources needed for this test
+TINYUSDZ_SRCS = \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/zstd-compression.cc \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/tinyusdz.cc \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/usda-writer.cc \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/usda-reader.cc \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/usdc-reader.cc \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/crate-reader.cc \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/ascii-parser.cc \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/prim-types.cc \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/value-types.cc \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/pprinter.cc \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/value-pprint.cc \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/io-util.cc \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/str-util.cc \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/primvar.cc \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/stage.cc \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/prim-composition.cc \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/composition.cc \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/asset-resolution.cc \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/path-util.cc \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/image-loader.cc \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/usdGeom.cc \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/usdSkel.cc \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/usdShade.cc \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/usdLux.cc \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/usdRender.cc \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/layer.cc \
+	$(SRC_DIR)/lz4-compression.cc \
+	$(EXT_DIR)/lz4/lz4.c \
+	$(EXT_DIR)/fpng.cpp \
+	$(EXT_DIR)/string_id/database.cpp \
+	$(EXT_DIR)/string_id/error.cpp \
+	$(EXT_DIR)/string_id/string_id.cpp \
+	$(EXT_DIR)/ryu/s2d.c \
+	$(EXT_DIR)/ryu/d2s.c \
+	$(EXT_DIR)/tsl/robin_hood.h
+
+# Test source
+TEST_SRC = test_zstd_usd.cc
+
+# Output binary
+TARGET = test_zstd_usd
+
+.PHONY: all clean test
+
+all: $(TARGET)
+
+$(TARGET): $(TEST_SRC) $(TINYUSDZ_SRCS) $(ZSTD_SRC)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) $(DEFINES) -o $@ $(TEST_SRC) $(TINYUSDZ_SRCS) $(ZSTD_SRC) -lpthread
+
+test: $(TARGET)
+	./$(TARGET)
+
+clean:
+	rm -f $(TARGET) test_output.usda.zst

tests/feat/zstdusd/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# Zstd USD Compression Feature Tests
+
+This directory contains feature tests for zstd-compressed USD file support in TinyUSDZ.
+
+## Overview
+
+TinyUSDZ supports file-level zstd compression for USD files. This allows:
+- Reading zstd-compressed USDA/USDC/USDZ files (automatic detection)
+- Writing zstd-compressed USD files (via `USDWriteOptions` or `.zst` extension)
+
+## Building
+
+```bash
+make
+```
+
+## Running Tests
+
+```bash
+make test
+```
+
+Or directly:
+
+```bash
+./test_zstd_usd
+```
+
+## Test Cases
+
+1. **Magic Number Detection** - Verifies zstd magic number detection
+2. **Compression Round-trip** - Basic compress/decompress cycle
+3. **Compression Levels** - Tests different compression levels (1-22)
+4. **Corrupt Data Handling** - Error handling for invalid data
+5. **GetCompressBound** - Tests the compress bound calculation
+6. **USDA Round-trip** - Full USDA compression/decompression cycle
+7. **IsZstdCompressed Wrapper** - Tests the tinyusdz namespace wrapper
+8. **Load Compressed USDA from Memory** - Tests LoadUSDFromMemory with zstd data
+9. **Memory Budget Enforcement** - Tests memory limit checking
+10. **Write Compressed USDA** - Tests SaveAsUSDA with compression
+
+## Requirements
+
+- C++14 compiler
+- TinyUSDZ source tree
+- Zstd library (bundled in src/external/zstd.c)
+
+## Notes
+
+- The tests use the amalgamated single-file zstd library
+- ZSTD_DISABLE_ASM=1 is set to avoid assembly-related linking issues

tests/feat/zstdusd/compress_usda.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+// Simple utility to compress a USDA file with zstd
+// Build: g++ -std=c++14 -o compress_usda compress_usda.cc -I../../../src -I../../../src/external ../../../src/external/zstd.c -DTINYUSDZ_WITH_ZSTD_COMPRESSION -DZSTD_DISABLE_ASM=1 -w
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <vector>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#define TINYUSDZ_WITH_ZSTD_COMPRESSION
+#include "zstd-compression.hh"
+
+// Include zstd header for the implementation
+#include "external/zstd.h"
+
+// Implement the static members
+namespace tinyusdz {
+
+constexpr uint8_t ZstdCompression::kZstdMagic[4];
+
+bool ZstdCompression::IsZstdCompressed(const uint8_t *data, size_t length) {
+  if (!data || length < 4) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return (data[0] == kZstdMagic[0] && data[1] == kZstdMagic[1] &&
+          data[2] == kZstdMagic[2] && data[3] == kZstdMagic[3]);
+}
+
+bool ZstdCompression::Compress(const uint8_t *input, size_t inputSize,
+                                std::vector<uint8_t> *output,
+                                int compressionLevel, std::string *err) {
+  if (!input || inputSize == 0) {
+    if (err) *err = "Invalid input data";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!output) {
+    if (err) *err = "Output buffer is null";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Clamp compression level to valid range
+  if (compressionLevel < 1) compressionLevel = 1;
+  if (compressionLevel > ZSTD_maxCLevel()) compressionLevel = ZSTD_maxCLevel();
+
+  // Get maximum compressed size
+  size_t maxCompressedSize = ZSTD_compressBound(inputSize);
+
+  // Allocate output buffer
+  output->resize(maxCompressedSize);
+
+  // Compress
+  size_t result =
+      ZSTD_compress(output->data(), maxCompressedSize, input, inputSize,
+                    compressionLevel);
+
+  if (ZSTD_isError(result)) {
+    if (err) {
+      *err = "Zstd compression failed: ";
+      *err += ZSTD_getErrorName(result);
+    }
+    output->clear();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Shrink to actual compressed size
+  output->resize(result);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+size_t ZstdCompression::GetCompressBound(size_t inputSize) {
+  return ZSTD_compressBound(inputSize);
+}
+
+}  // namespace tinyusdz
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  if (argc < 3) {
+    std::cerr << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " <input.usda> <output.usda.zst> [compression_level]" << std::endl;
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  const char* input_file = argv[1];
+  const char* output_file = argv[2];
+  int compression_level = 5;
+  if (argc >= 4) {
+    compression_level = std::atoi(argv[3]);
+  }
+
+  // Read input file
+  std::ifstream ifs(input_file, std::ios::binary);
+  if (!ifs.is_open()) {
+    std::cerr << "Failed to open input file: " << input_file << std::endl;
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<uint8_t> input_data((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(ifs)),
+                                   std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
+  ifs.close();
+
+  std::cout << "Input file: " << input_file << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "Input size: " << input_data.size() << " bytes" << std::endl;
+
+  // Compress
+  std::vector<uint8_t> compressed;
+  std::string err;
+  bool ok = tinyusdz::ZstdCompression::Compress(
+      input_data.data(), input_data.size(), &compressed, compression_level, &err);
+
+  if (!ok) {
+    std::cerr << "Compression failed: " << err << std::endl;
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  std::cout << "Compressed size: " << compressed.size() << " bytes" << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "Compression ratio: " << (100.0 * compressed.size() / input_data.size()) << "%" << std::endl;
+
+  // Write output file
+  std::ofstream ofs(output_file, std::ios::binary);
+  if (!ofs.is_open()) {
+    std::cerr << "Failed to open output file: " << output_file << std::endl;
+    return 1;
+  }
+  ofs.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(compressed.data()), compressed.size());
+  ofs.close();
+
+  std::cout << "Wrote compressed file: " << output_file << std::endl;
+
+  return 0;
+}

tests/feat/zstdusd/test_zstd_usd.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache 2.0
+// Copyright 2024-Present Light Transport Entertainment Inc.
+//
+// Feature test for zstd-compressed USD file support
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+#define TINYUSDZ_WITH_ZSTD_COMPRESSION
+
+#include "tinyusdz.hh"
+#include "usda-writer.hh"
+#include "zstd-compression.hh"
+
+// Simple test macros
+#define TEST_ASSERT(cond, msg) do { \
+  if (!(cond)) { \
+    std::cerr << "FAILED: " << msg << " at " << __FILE__ << ":" << __LINE__ << std::endl; \
+    return 1; \
+  } \
+  std::cout << "PASSED: " << msg << std::endl; \
+} while(0)
+
+#define TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(cond, msg) TEST_ASSERT(!(cond), msg)
+
+// Test 1: Magic number detection
+int test_magic_number_detection() {
+  std::cout << "\n=== Test: Magic Number Detection ===" << std::endl;
+
+  // Valid zstd magic number
+  uint8_t valid_magic[] = {0x28, 0xB5, 0x2F, 0xFD, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  TEST_ASSERT(tinyusdz::ZstdCompression::IsZstdCompressed(valid_magic, 8),
+              "Should detect valid zstd magic");
+
+  // Invalid data
+  uint8_t invalid_data[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(tinyusdz::ZstdCompression::IsZstdCompressed(invalid_data, 4),
+                    "Should reject non-zstd data");
+
+  // USDA header
+  uint8_t usda_header[] = {'#', 'u', 's', 'd', 'a', ' ', '1', '.'};
+  TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(tinyusdz::ZstdCompression::IsZstdCompressed(usda_header, 8),
+                    "Should reject USDA header");
+
+  // USDC header
+  uint8_t usdc_header[] = {'P', 'X', 'R', '-', 'U', 'S', 'D', 'C'};
+  TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(tinyusdz::ZstdCompression::IsZstdCompressed(usdc_header, 8),
+                    "Should reject USDC header");
+
+  // Too short data
+  uint8_t short_data[] = {0x28, 0xB5};
+  TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(tinyusdz::ZstdCompression::IsZstdCompressed(short_data, 2),
+                    "Should reject too short data");
+
+  // Null data
+  TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(tinyusdz::ZstdCompression::IsZstdCompressed(nullptr, 0),
+                    "Should reject null data");
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// Test 2: Basic compression/decompression round-trip
+int test_compression_roundtrip() {
+  std::cout << "\n=== Test: Compression Round-trip ===" << std::endl;
+
+  const char* test_data = "This is a test string for zstd compression. "
+                          "It should be compressed and decompressed correctly.";
+  size_t test_size = strlen(test_data);
+
+  std::vector<uint8_t> compressed;
+  std::string err;
+
+  // Compress
+  bool compress_ok = tinyusdz::ZstdCompression::Compress(
+      reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(test_data), test_size,
+      &compressed, 5, &err);
+  TEST_ASSERT(compress_ok, "Compression should succeed");
+  TEST_ASSERT(compressed.size() > 0, "Compressed size should be > 0");
+  TEST_ASSERT(compressed.size() < test_size, "Compressed data should be smaller");
+
+  // Verify magic number
+  TEST_ASSERT(tinyusdz::ZstdCompression::IsZstdCompressed(compressed.data(), compressed.size()),
+              "Compressed data should have zstd magic number");
+
+  // Get decompressed size
+  size_t decompressed_size = tinyusdz::ZstdCompression::GetDecompressedSize(
+      compressed.data(), compressed.size(), &err);
+  TEST_ASSERT(decompressed_size == test_size, "Decompressed size should match original");
+
+  // Decompress
+  std::vector<uint8_t> decompressed;
+  bool decompress_ok = tinyusdz::ZstdCompression::Decompress(
+      compressed.data(), compressed.size(), &decompressed, &err);
+  TEST_ASSERT(decompress_ok, "Decompression should succeed");
+  TEST_ASSERT(decompressed.size() == test_size, "Decompressed data size should match");
+  TEST_ASSERT(memcmp(decompressed.data(), test_data, test_size) == 0,
+              "Decompressed data should match original");
+
+  std::cout << "Compression ratio: " << test_size << " -> " << compressed.size()
+            << " (" << (100.0 * compressed.size() / test_size) << "%)" << std::endl;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// Test 3: Different compression levels
+int test_compression_levels() {
+  std::cout << "\n=== Test: Compression Levels ===" << std::endl;
+
+  // Generate some compressible test data
+  std::string test_data;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
+    test_data += "Hello World! This is test data for compression level testing. ";
+  }
+
+  std::string err;
+  size_t prev_size = test_data.size() + 1; // Start larger than input
+
+  for (int level = 1; level <= 9; level += 4) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> compressed;
+    bool ok = tinyusdz::ZstdCompression::Compress(
+        reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(test_data.data()), test_data.size(),
+        &compressed, level, &err);
+    TEST_ASSERT(ok, "Compression at level " + std::to_string(level) + " should succeed");
+
+    std::cout << "Level " << level << ": " << test_data.size() << " -> "
+              << compressed.size() << " bytes ("
+              << (100.0 * compressed.size() / test_data.size()) << "%)" << std::endl;
+
+    // Higher levels should generally give same or better compression
+    // (not strictly enforced, but good to log)
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// Test 4: Error handling for corrupt data
+int test_corrupt_data_handling() {
+  std::cout << "\n=== Test: Corrupt Data Handling ===" << std::endl;
+
+  std::string err;
+
+  // Create corrupt data with valid magic but invalid content
+  uint8_t corrupt_data[] = {0x28, 0xB5, 0x2F, 0xFD, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF};
+  std::vector<uint8_t> output;
+
+  bool ok = tinyusdz::ZstdCompression::Decompress(corrupt_data, 8, &output, &err);
+  TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(ok, "Decompression of corrupt data should fail");
+  TEST_ASSERT(err.size() > 0, "Error message should be provided");
+
+  std::cout << "Expected error: " << err << std::endl;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// Test 5: GetCompressBound
+int test_compress_bound() {
+  std::cout << "\n=== Test: GetCompressBound ===" << std::endl;
+
+  size_t bound = tinyusdz::ZstdCompression::GetCompressBound(1000);
+  TEST_ASSERT(bound > 1000, "Compress bound should be larger than input size");
+
+  bound = tinyusdz::ZstdCompression::GetCompressBound(0);
+  TEST_ASSERT(bound > 0, "Compress bound for 0 should still return some value");
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// Test 6: USDA file round-trip with compression
+int test_usda_roundtrip() {
+  std::cout << "\n=== Test: USDA Round-trip with Compression ===" << std::endl;
+
+  // Create a simple stage
+  tinyusdz::Stage stage;
+  stage.metas().doc = "Test USD file for zstd compression";
+
+  // Add a simple Xform prim
+  tinyusdz::Xform xform;
+  xform.name = "TestXform";
+
+  tinyusdz::Prim prim;
+  prim.set_data(xform);
+  stage.root_prims().push_back(prim);
+
+  // Export to string first
+  std::string usda_content = stage.ExportToString();
+  TEST_ASSERT(usda_content.size() > 0, "USDA export should produce content");
+
+  // Compress the USDA content
+  std::vector<uint8_t> compressed;
+  std::string err;
+  bool compress_ok = tinyusdz::ZstdCompression::Compress(
+      reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(usda_content.data()), usda_content.size(),
+      &compressed, 5, &err);
+  TEST_ASSERT(compress_ok, "USDA compression should succeed");
+
+  // Decompress
+  std::vector<uint8_t> decompressed;
+  bool decompress_ok = tinyusdz::ZstdCompression::Decompress(
+      compressed.data(), compressed.size(), &decompressed, &err);
+  TEST_ASSERT(decompress_ok, "USDA decompression should succeed");
+
+  // Verify content matches
+  std::string decompressed_content(decompressed.begin(), decompressed.end());
+  TEST_ASSERT(decompressed_content == usda_content,
+              "Decompressed USDA content should match original");
+
+  std::cout << "USDA size: " << usda_content.size() << " -> " << compressed.size()
+            << " bytes (" << (100.0 * compressed.size() / usda_content.size()) << "%)"
+            << std::endl;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// Test 7: IsZstdCompressed wrapper function in tinyusdz namespace
+int test_tinyusdz_is_zstd_compressed() {
+  std::cout << "\n=== Test: tinyusdz::IsZstdCompressed ===" << std::endl;
+
+  // Valid zstd magic
+  uint8_t valid_magic[] = {0x28, 0xB5, 0x2F, 0xFD, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+  TEST_ASSERT(tinyusdz::IsZstdCompressed(valid_magic, 8),
+              "tinyusdz::IsZstdCompressed should detect valid zstd magic");
+
+  // Invalid data
+  uint8_t invalid_data[] = {'#', 'u', 's', 'd', 'a'};
+  TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(tinyusdz::IsZstdCompressed(invalid_data, 5),
+                    "tinyusdz::IsZstdCompressed should reject non-zstd data");
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// Test 8: Load zstd-compressed USDA from memory
+int test_load_compressed_usda_from_memory() {
+  std::cout << "\n=== Test: Load Compressed USDA from Memory ===" << std::endl;
+
+  // Create a minimal USDA content
+  const char* usda_content = R"(#usda 1.0
+(
+    doc = "Test compressed USDA"
+)
+
+def Xform "TestXform"
+{
+}
+)";
+  size_t usda_size = strlen(usda_content);
+
+  // Compress it
+  std::vector<uint8_t> compressed;
+  std::string err;
+  bool compress_ok = tinyusdz::ZstdCompression::Compress(
+      reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(usda_content), usda_size,
+      &compressed, 5, &err);
+  TEST_ASSERT(compress_ok, "Compression should succeed");
+
+  // Load as USD from memory
+  tinyusdz::Stage stage;
+  std::string warn;
+  bool load_ok = tinyusdz::LoadUSDFromMemory(
+      compressed.data(), compressed.size(), "", &stage, &warn, &err);
+  TEST_ASSERT(load_ok, "Loading compressed USDA from memory should succeed");
+
+  // Verify the loaded content
+  TEST_ASSERT(stage.metas().doc.value == "Test compressed USDA",
+              "Document string should match");
+  TEST_ASSERT(stage.root_prims().size() > 0, "Should have at least one root prim");
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// Test 9: Memory budget enforcement
+int test_memory_budget() {
+  std::cout << "\n=== Test: Memory Budget Enforcement ===" << std::endl;
+
+  // Create a large piece of test data
+  std::string large_data(10 * 1024 * 1024, 'X'); // 10MB of data
+
+  // Compress it
+  std::vector<uint8_t> compressed;
+  std::string err;
+  bool compress_ok = tinyusdz::ZstdCompression::Compress(
+      reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(large_data.data()), large_data.size(),
+      &compressed, 1, &err); // Use level 1 for speed
+  TEST_ASSERT(compress_ok, "Compression should succeed");
+
+  // Try to load with a small memory budget
+  tinyusdz::USDLoadOptions options;
+  options.max_memory_limit_in_mb = 1; // Only 1MB allowed
+
+  tinyusdz::Stage stage;
+  std::string warn;
+  err.clear();
+
+  // This should fail because decompressed size exceeds the memory limit
+  // Note: This test may not work perfectly because the compressed data
+  // isn't valid USD, but it tests the memory check path
+  bool load_ok = tinyusdz::LoadUSDFromMemory(
+      compressed.data(), compressed.size(), "", &stage, &warn, &err, options);
+
+  // Should fail due to memory limit
+  TEST_ASSERT_FALSE(load_ok, "Loading should fail due to memory limit");
+  std::cout << "Expected error: " << err << std::endl;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// Test 10: Write compressed USDA file
+int test_write_compressed_usda() {
+  std::cout << "\n=== Test: Write Compressed USDA File ===" << std::endl;
+
+  // Create a simple stage
+  tinyusdz::Stage stage;
+  stage.metas().doc = "Test compressed USDA write";
+
+  tinyusdz::Xform xform;
+  xform.name = "WriteTest";
+
+  tinyusdz::Prim prim;
+  prim.set_data(xform);
+  stage.root_prims().push_back(prim);
+
+  // Write with compression (using options)
+  tinyusdz::USDWriteOptions options;
+  options.use_zstd_compression = true;
+  options.zstd_compression_level = 5;
+
+  std::string warn, err;
+  bool write_ok = tinyusdz::usda::SaveAsUSDA(
+      "test_output.usda.zst", stage, &warn, &err, options);
+  TEST_ASSERT(write_ok, "Writing compressed USDA should succeed");
+
+  // Read back the file
+  std::ifstream ifs("test_output.usda.zst", std::ios::binary);
+  TEST_ASSERT(ifs.is_open(), "Output file should exist");
+
+  std::vector<uint8_t> file_content((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(ifs)),
+                                     std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
+  ifs.close();
+
+  // Verify it's zstd compressed
+  TEST_ASSERT(tinyusdz::IsZstdCompressed(file_content.data(), file_content.size()),
+              "Output file should be zstd compressed");
+
+  // Load it back
+  tinyusdz::Stage loaded_stage;
+  bool load_ok = tinyusdz::LoadUSDFromMemory(
+      file_content.data(), file_content.size(), "", &loaded_stage, &warn, &err);
+  TEST_ASSERT(load_ok, "Loading written compressed file should succeed");
+
+  // Verify content
+  TEST_ASSERT(loaded_stage.metas().doc.value == "Test compressed USDA write",
+              "Loaded doc should match");
+
+  // Clean up test file
+  std::remove("test_output.usda.zst");
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  (void)argc;
+  (void)argv;
+
+  std::cout << "===== Zstd USD Compression Feature Tests =====" << std::endl;
+
+  int failures = 0;
+
+  failures += test_magic_number_detection();
+  failures += test_compression_roundtrip();
+  failures += test_compression_levels();
+  failures += test_corrupt_data_handling();
+  failures += test_compress_bound();
+  failures += test_usda_roundtrip();
+  failures += test_tinyusdz_is_zstd_compressed();
+  failures += test_load_compressed_usda_from_memory();
+  failures += test_memory_budget();
+  failures += test_write_compressed_usda();
+
+  std::cout << "\n===== Summary =====" << std::endl;
+  if (failures == 0) {
+    std::cout << "All tests PASSED!" << std::endl;
+    return 0;
+  } else {
+    std::cout << failures << " test(s) FAILED!" << std::endl;
+    return 1;
+  }
+}