build: detect and include inttypes.h again

For `PRI*` printf masks for fixed-size C99 types.

Also:
- add simple fallback for `PRIu32`, `PRIx32`, if `inttypes.h` is
  missing.

Cherry-picked from #20200
Ref: #20207
Follow-up to 4701a6d2ae #19695
Ref: 60359ad504 #12275
Closes #20208

CMake/unix-cache.cmake

@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@ set(HAVE_IFADDRS_H 1)
 set(HAVE_IF_NAMETOINDEX 1)
 set(HAVE_INET_NTOP 1)
 set(HAVE_INET_PTON 1)
+set(HAVE_INTTYPES_H 1)
 set(HAVE_IOCTLSOCKET 0)
 set(HAVE_IOCTLSOCKET_CAMEL 0)
 set(HAVE_IOCTLSOCKET_CAMEL_FIONBIO 0)

CMake/win32-cache.cmake

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ if(MINGW)
   set(HAVE_DIRENT_H 1)
   set(HAVE_FTRUNCATE 1)
   set(HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY 1)
+  set(HAVE_INTTYPES_H 1)
   set(HAVE_LIBGEN_H 1)
   set(HAVE_OPENDIR 1)
   set(HAVE_SNPRINTF 1)
@@ -55,8 +56,10 @@ else()
     set(HAVE_STDDEF_H 1)  # detected by CMake internally in check_type_size()
     set(HAVE_STDINT_H 1)  # detected by CMake internally in check_type_size()
     if(MSVC_VERSION GREATER_EQUAL 1800)
+      set(HAVE_INTTYPES_H 1)
       set(HAVE_STDBOOL_H 1)
     else()
+      set(HAVE_INTTYPES_H 0)
       set(HAVE_STDBOOL_H 0)
     endif()
     set(HAVE_BOOL_T "${HAVE_STDBOOL_H}")